Hyphenation ofresponsabilizar-lhe-ias

Linguistic Analysis of "responsabilizar-lhe-ias" (Portuguese)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "responsabilizar-lhe-ias" is a complex verb form in Portuguese, specifically the third-person plural future subjunctive of the verb "responsabilizar" (to hold responsible, to make accountable) combined with a clitic pronoun and a personal ending. Pronunciation involves a series of vowel and consonant sounds typical of European Portuguese, with potential regional variations.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Portuguese syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: re- (Latin) - Intensifier, indicating repetition or a renewed action.
• Root: sponsa- (Latin sponsus, past participle of spondere - to pledge, to promise) - Forms the base meaning related to taking on a commitment.
• Suffixes:
  • -bil- (Latin -bilis) - Adjectival suffix indicating capability or possibility ("able to be").
  • -izar (Latin -izare) - Verb-forming suffix, indicating to make or cause to be.
  • -lhe- (Portuguese clitic pronoun) - Indirect object pronoun, meaning "to them" or "to him/her".
  • -ias (Portuguese inflectional ending) - Third-person plural future subjunctive ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable of the root, "sa".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ʁɨ.spõ.sɐ.bi.li.zaɾ.ʎɨ.ʃɐʃ.ias/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Division Rules Applied:

• Rule 1: Open Syllables: Syllables ending in a vowel are open (e.g., re, sa, bi).
• Rule 2: Closed Syllables: Syllables ending in a consonant are closed (e.g., res, pon, za).
• Rule 3: Diphthongs & Triphthongs: Vowel combinations form single nuclei (e.g., lhe).
• Rule 4: Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority hierarchy, with sonorant consonants often forming onsets (e.g., ɾ-lhe).
• Rule 5: Clitic Pronoun Attachment: Clitic pronouns are attached to the verb and syllabified as part of it.

7. Exceptions & Special Cases:

The syllabification of "lhe" as part of "ɾ-lhe" is a common case where a clitic pronoun is integrated into the verb's syllabic structure.

8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:

The word is primarily a verb form. If "responsabilizar" were used as a noun (though rare), the stress might shift slightly, but the syllable division would remain largely the same.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: responsabilizar-lhe-ias
• Part of Speech: Verb (Future Subjunctive)
• Definitions:
  • "To hold them/him/her responsible"
  • "To make them/him/her accountable"
• Translation: To hold them/him/her responsible
• Synonyms: imputar-lhes a culpa, culpar-lhes
• Antonyms: desculpar-lhes, absolver-lhes
• Examples:
  • "Se eu fosse o chefe, responsabilizar-lhe-ias pelas perdas." (If I were the boss, I would hold you responsible for the losses.)

10. Regional Variations:

Pronunciation of /ʁ/ can vary regionally (e.g., uvular fricative in some areas, alveolar trill in others). This doesn't significantly affect syllable division.

11. Phonological Comparison:

These words share similar morphological structures (verb + suffixes) and stress patterns, demonstrating consistency in Portuguese syllabification rules. The presence of 'r' and 'l' as common onsets and codas also contributes to the similarity.