Hyphenation ofвоздухонепроницаемую
Syllable Division:
воз-ду-хо-не-про-ни-ца-е-му-ю
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/vɐzduxɐnʲɪprɐˈnʲit͡sæɪ̯ɪmʊjʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000010000
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ни́').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Unstressed vowel, reduced.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: не-
Proto-Slavic origin, negation.
Root: воздух-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'air'.
Suffix: -о-проницае-ем-ую
Combination of linking vowel, root, and inflectional suffixes indicating passive participle form.
Airtight, impermeable to air.
Translation: Airtight, impermeable to air
Examples:
"Упаковка была воздухонепроницаемой."
"Комната была сделана воздухонепроницаемой."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Prioritizes creating syllables with a vowel as the nucleus (CV structure).
Sonority Hierarchy
Consonants are grouped based on their sonority, with more sonorous sounds forming syllable peaks.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before front vowels.
The length of the word and the presence of multiple morphemes contribute to its complexity.
Summary:
The word 'воздухонепроницаемую' is syllabified based on the open syllable principle and sonority hierarchy, resulting in ten syllables. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's a complex adjective formed from a root meaning 'air', a negative prefix, and a root indicating permeability, with inflectional suffixes marking its grammatical function.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "воздухонепроницаемую" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "воздухонепроницаемую" is a long, complex adjective meaning "airtight" or "impermeable to air." Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create CV syllables), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- воздух- (vozdukh-) - Root. Origin: Proto-Slavic vъzdoxъ meaning "air, breath." Function: Denotes the element being resisted.
- -о- (-o-) - Linking vowel. Origin: Russian. Function: Connects the root to the prefix.
- не- (ne-) - Prefix. Origin: Proto-Slavic ne- meaning "not." Function: Negation, indicating the absence of permeability.
- проницае- (pronitsa-ye) - Root. Origin: Proto-Slavic pro-nicati meaning "to penetrate, to permeate." Function: Indicates the ability to be penetrated.
- -ем- (-em-) - Inflectional suffix. Origin: Russian. Function: Part of the passive participle ending.
- -ую (-uyu) - Inflectional suffix. Origin: Russian. Function: Feminine singular short form of the past passive participle.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: воз-ду-хо-не-про-ни́-ца-е-му-ю.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/vɐzduxɐnʲɪprɐˈnʲit͡sæɪ̯ɪmʊjʊ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Explanation | Potential Exceptions |
|---|---|---|---|
| воз | /vɐz/ | Open syllable principle. 'в' followed by a vowel. | None |
| ду | /du/ | Open syllable principle. | None |
| хо | /xɐ/ | Open syllable principle. | None |
| не | /nʲe/ | Open syllable principle. Palatalization of 'н' before 'е'. | None |
| про | /prɐ/ | Open syllable principle. | None |
| ни | /nʲi/ | Open syllable principle. Palatalization of 'н' before 'и'. | None |
| ца | /t͡sæ/ | Open syllable principle. | None |
| е | /ɪ/ | Vowel reduction in unstressed position. | Vowel reduction is context-dependent. |
| му | /mʊ/ | Open syllable principle. | None |
| ю | /jʊ/ | Open syllable principle. | None |
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllable division, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the above division adheres to the principle of maximizing CV syllables and respecting sonority hierarchies.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the short form, feminine singular, past passive participle. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: воздухонепроницаемую
- Translation: airtight, impermeable to air
- Part of Speech: Adjective (short form, feminine singular, past passive participle)
- Synonyms: герметичную (germetichnuyu - hermetic), непродуваемую (neproduvaemuyu - draftproof)
- Antonyms: воздухопроницаемую (vozdukhopronitsaemuyu - permeable to air)
- Examples:
- "Упаковка была воздухонепроницаемой." (Upakovka byla vozdukhonepronitsaemoy.) - "The packaging was airtight."
- "Комната была сделана воздухонепроницаемой." (Komnata byla sdelana vozdukhonepronitsaemoy.) - "The room was made airtight."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- вода (voda - water): во-да /vɐˈda/ - Similar CV structure.
- окно (okno - window): ок-но /ˈoknə/ - Similar CV structure, though with a consonant cluster.
- солнце (solntse - sun): солн-це /ˈsont͡sə/ - Similar CV structure with a consonant cluster.
The syllable division in "воздухонепроницаемую" follows the same principles as these words – prioritizing open syllables and respecting sonority hierarchies. The complexity arises from the length of the word and the presence of multiple prefixes and suffixes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.