Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиградусному

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиградусному" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатиградусному" is a complex adjective in Russian, meaning "twelve-degree" (in the context of angles or temperature) or "relating to twelve degrees". It's a masculine, instrumental singular form. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions, typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize open syllables and avoid breaking consonant clusters where possible, the division is as follows (using only original letters):

две-на-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-му

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• две- (dve-): Prefix meaning "two" or "twelve". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral prefix.
• -надцати (-nadtsati): Root relating to the number "thirteen" but functioning here as part of the numeral "twelve". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral root.
• -градус- (-gradus-): Root meaning "degree". Origin: Latin gradus. Morphological function: lexical root.
• -но- (-no-): Linking suffix. Origin: Russian. Morphological function: connects the root to the adjectival ending.
• -му (-mu): Suffix indicating masculine, instrumental singular case. Origin: Russian. Morphological function: case/gender marking.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "-дус-" (-dus-).

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡t͡sətʲɪɡrɐˈdusnəmʊ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The cluster "ст" (st) is generally treated as a single unit within a syllable. Vowel reduction (akan'ye and ikan'ye) is significant in unstressed syllables, affecting the phonetic realization of vowels.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. If it were used as a noun (though rare), the stress and syllabification would remain the same.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to twelve degrees (of angle or temperature).
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Translation: Twelve-degree
• Synonyms: (Context-dependent) relating to a specific angle or temperature.
• Antonyms: (Context-dependent) relating to a different degree.
• Examples:
  • "Угол в двенадцатиградусному положении." (The angle is in a twelve-degree position.)
  • "Двенадцатиградусному морозу." (In twelve-degree frost.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• десятиградусному (desyatigradusnomu) - ten-degree: Syllable division: де-ся-ти-гра-дус-но-му. Similar structure, differing only in the initial numeral component.
• восемнадцатиградусному (vosemnadtsatigradusnomu) - eighteen-degree: Syllable division: во-сем-на-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-му. Longer initial numeral, but the core structure remains consistent.
• тринадцатиградусному (trinadtsatigradusnomu) - thirteen-degree: Syllable division: три-на-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-му. Similar to "двенадцатиградусному", demonstrating the consistent handling of the "-надцати" component.

The key difference in these examples lies in the initial numeral, which affects the number of initial syllables. However, the "-градусному" portion consistently forms three syllables.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Russian favors open syllables (ending in a vowel). This explains the division between "две-" and "на-".
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Handling: Consonant clusters are generally kept together within a syllable unless they are easily separable (e.g., a sonorant + obstruent). This applies to "ст" in "гра-дус-".
• Rule 3: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are often divided based on vowel boundaries.

11. Special Considerations:

The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (akan'ye/ikan'ye) is a significant factor in pronunciation but doesn't directly affect the orthographic syllabification. The complex numeral "двенадцати" requires careful consideration, but the established rules apply consistently.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations in vowel reduction might occur. However, these variations wouldn't fundamentally alter the syllable division.