Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиградусною

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиградусною" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатиградусною" is a complex adjective meaning "twelve-degree" or "relating to twelve degrees" (specifically, temperature). It's a relatively uncommon word, primarily found in scientific or technical contexts. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a hallmark of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

две-на-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-ю

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: две- (dve-) - Indo-European origin, meaning "two". Functions as a numeral prefix.
• Root: -надцать- (-nadtsat'-) - Slavic origin, meaning "teen". Forms part of the numeral "twelve".
• Root: -градус- (-gradus-) - Latin origin (gradus - step, degree). Indicates degree (of temperature, angle, etc.).
• Suffix: -но- (-no-) - Slavic origin, adjectival suffix forming a relative adjective.
• Suffix: -ю (-yu) - Feminine singular nominative/accusative adjectival ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "-дус-" (-dus-).

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡t͡sətʲɪɡrɐˈdusnəjʊ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are broken up in a way that creates pronounceable syllables. The "ст" cluster in "двенадцатиградусною" is a common example where the syllable division follows this principle.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. The ending "-ю" indicates feminine singular nominative/accusative case. If the noun it modifies were masculine or neuter, the ending would change, potentially affecting stress placement (though not syllable division).

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: двенадцатиградусною (dvenadtsatigradusnoyu)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Translation: Twelve-degree, relating to twelve degrees.
• Synonyms: (Context-dependent) двенадцатиградусный (dvenadtsatigradusnyy - masculine form), relating to a temperature of twelve degrees.
• Antonyms: (Context-dependent) Highly temperature-dependent.
• Examples:
  • "Температура была двенадцатиградусною ночью." (Temperatura byla dvenadtsatigradusnoyu noch'yu.) - "The temperature was twelve degrees that night."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• двенадцать (dvenadtsat') - "twelve" - Syllables: две-на-дцать (dve-na-dtsat'). Similar structure with the "две-на-дцат" root. Stress on the final syllable.
• градусник (gradusnik) - "thermometer" - Syllables: гра-дус-ник (gra-dus-nik). Shares the "градус" root. Stress on the second syllable.
• тринадцать (trinadtsat') - "thirteen" - Syllables: три-на-дцать (tri-na-dtsat'). Similar structure to "двенадцать" with the "на-дцать" root. Stress on the final syllable.

The syllable division in all these words follows the same principles of maximizing onsets and respecting consonant clusters. The stress patterns differ based on the word's morphology and lexical properties.

Detailed Syllable Analysis:

Division Rules Applied:

1. Maximizing Onset: Russian prefers to create syllables with onsets (initial consonants) whenever possible.
2. Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up to create pronounceable syllables.
3. Vowel Reduction: Unstressed vowels are reduced in quality.
4. Stress Placement: Stress influences vowel quality and can affect syllable prominence.

Special Considerations:

• The palatalization of consonants before /ɪ/ and /e/ is a crucial feature of Russian phonology and affects syllable structure.
• Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation and can make syllable boundaries less obvious auditorily.
• The word's length and complexity make it a challenging example for syllabification, requiring careful application of multiple rules.

Short Analysis:

The word "двенадцатиградусною" is syllabified as две-на-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-ю, with stress on "-дус-". It's a complex adjective derived from numeral, Latin, and Slavic roots, with a feminine singular ending. Syllable division follows Russian rules of maximizing onsets and resolving consonant clusters, with considerations for palatalization and vowel reduction.