Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиградусных

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиградусных" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатиградусных" is a complex adjective meaning "twelve-degree" (as in, relating to a temperature of twelve degrees). It's a declined form, specifically genitive plural, of an adjective derived from a numeral and a root relating to degrees. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• две- (dve-): Prefix, derived from the numeral "два" (dva - two). Indicates the quantity "twelve".
• -надцати- (-nadtsati-): Intermediate morpheme, part of the complex numeral formation, derived from "надцать" (nadtsat' - teens).
• -градус- (-gradus-): Root, borrowed from Latin gradus (degree).
• -ных (-nykh): Suffix, adjectival suffix indicating genitive plural masculine/neuter.

4. Stress Identification:

The stress falls on the penultimate syllable: две-над-ца-ти-гра́-дус-ных.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐd͡zɐˈtʲiɡrɐdʊsnɨx/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• две (dve): /ˈdvʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by a consonant. Exception: Palatalization of /d/ due to following /ɪ/.
• над (nad): /nɐˈd/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by a consonant.
• ца (tsa): /ˈt͡sɐ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by a vowel.
• ти (ti): /ˈtʲi/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by a consonant. Palatalization of /t/ due to following /i/.
• гра (gra): /ɡrɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by a consonant.
• дус (dus): /ˈdʊs/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by a vowel.
• ных (nykh): /snɨx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by a vowel. Vowel reduction to /ɨ/.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the above breakdown adheres to the most common and accepted rules. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian phonology and affects the pronunciation of several syllables.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., nominative, accusative).

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: двенадцатиградусных (dvenadtsatigradusnykh)
• Translation: twelve-degree
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: (None readily available, as it's a specific numerical descriptor)
• Antonyms: (None readily available, as it's a specific numerical descriptor)
• Examples:
  • "Двенадцатиградусных морозов не ожидается." (Dvenadtsatigradusnykh morozov ne ozhidayetsya.) - "Twelve-degree frosts are not expected."
  • "Двенадцатиградусных углов не существует." (Dvenadtsatigradusnykh uglov ne sushchestvuyet.) - "Twelve-degree angles do not exist."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• шестидесятиградусных (shestidesyatigradusnykh) - "sixty-degree": Syllabification is similar, with the numeral prefix influencing the initial syllables.
• восьмиградусных (vos'migradusnykh) - "eight-degree": Similar structure, demonstrating the consistent application of rules to numeral-degree combinations.
• пятиградусных (pyatigradusnykh) - "five-degree": Again, the pattern holds, with the numeral prefix and the "градус" root forming the core structure.

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the varying lengths and structures of the numeral prefixes. However, the core principle of open syllable preference and vowel-consonant alternation remains consistent.