Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиградусную

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиградусную" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатиградусную" is a complex adjective meaning "twelve-degree" or "twelve-graduated". It's a derived adjective formed from a numeral and a noun. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: две- (dve-) - From the numeral "два" (dva - two). Indicates quantity.
• Root: -надцати- (-nadtsati-) - From the Proto-Slavic nъdesętь, related to "ten". Forms part of the numeral "twelve".
• Root: -градус- (-gradus-) - Borrowed from Latin gradus (degree, step). Indicates degree.
• Suffix: -ную (-nuyu) - Adjectival suffix indicating feminine singular, accusative/genitive case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: две-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-ную.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡t͡sɪtʲɪɡrɐˈdusnʊjʊ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• две (/dvʲɪ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by a consonant. Exception: Palatalization of /d/ due to following /ɪ/.
• над (/nɐd/) - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by a vowel.
• ца (/t͡sɐ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by a vowel.
• ти (/tʲɪ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel. Palatalization of /t/ due to following /ɪ/.
• гра (/ɡrɐ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by a vowel.
• дус (/dʊs/) - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by a consonant cluster.
• ную (/nʊjʊ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel.

7. Edge Case Review:

The consonant clusters /d͡t͡s/ and /ɡr/ are common in Russian but require careful consideration during syllabification. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is also a key feature.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., modifying a noun).

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: двенадцатиградусную (dvenadtsatigradusnuyu)
• Translation: twelve-degree
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: двенадцатиградусный (dvenadtsatigradusnyy) - masculine form
• Antonyms: None directly applicable (relates to a specific numerical value)
• Examples:
  • "Двенадцатиградусную морозильную камеру." (Dvenadtsatigradusnuyu morozil'nuyu kameru) - "A twelve-degree freezer."
  • "Угол наклона был двенадцатиградусную." (Ugol naklona byl dvenadtsatigradusnuyu) - "The angle of inclination was twelve degrees."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• десятиградусную (desyatigradusnuyu) - ten-degree: Syllabification: де-ся-ти-гра-дус-ную. Similar structure, differing only in the initial numeral component.
• восьмиградусную (vos'migradusnuyu) - eight-degree: Syllabification: вось-ми-гра-дус-ную. Similar structure, differing in the initial numeral.
• пятиградусную (pyatigradusnuyu) - five-degree: Syllabification: пя-ти-гра-дус-ную. Similar structure, differing in the initial numeral.

The consistency in syllabification across these words demonstrates the application of the same rules – prioritizing open syllables and accommodating consonant clusters based on sonority. The numeral prefix dictates the initial syllable division, while the "-градусную" portion remains consistent.