Hyphenation ofвосемнадцатиградусного

Linguistic Analysis of "восемнадцатиградусного" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "восемнадцатиградусного" is a complex adjective meaning "eighteen-degree" (specifically, in the genitive singular masculine/neuter form). It's a derived adjective formed from a numeral and a root relating to degrees. Pronunciation involves several reduced vowels in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel placement and consonant clusters, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• восемь- (vosem’): Prefix/Numeral root – meaning "eight". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: Numerical base.
• -надцать (-nadtsat’): Suffix – meaning "teen". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: Forms the numeral "eighteen".
• -градус- (-gradus): Root – meaning "degree". Origin: Latin gradus. Morphological function: Denotes the unit of measurement.
• -ного (-nogo): Suffix – genitive singular masculine/neuter adjectival ending. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: Grammatical case and gender marking.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the root syllable: гра́дусного.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɐˈsʲemnədtsətʲɪɡrɐˈdusnəvə/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• во /vo/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowels. No exceptions.
• сем /sʲem/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster 'с' + 'м' is permissible within a syllable. Potential exception: Palatalization of 'с' before 'е'.
• над /nɐd/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel 'а' forms the syllable nucleus. No exceptions.
• цать /tsætʲ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster 'ц' + 'т' is permissible. Potential exception: Palatalization of 'т' before 'ь'.
• гра /ɡrɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel 'а' forms the syllable nucleus. Stress falls here. No exceptions.
• дус /dus/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster 'д' + 'с' is permissible. No exceptions.
• но /nə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel 'о' forms the syllable nucleus. Reduction of 'о' to /ə/ in unstressed position.
• го /ɡə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel 'о' forms the syllable nucleus. Reduction of 'о' to /ə/ in unstressed position.

7. Edge Case Review:

The word contains several instances of vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common phenomenon in Russian. The palatalization of consonants before soft vowels (е, ё, и, ю, я) also needs consideration.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of whether it's used attributively or predicatively.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• восемнадцатиградусного (vosemnadtsatigradusnogo)
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Definitions:
    • "Eighteen-degree"
    • Translation: "Eighteen-degree"
  • Synonyms: None readily available without specifying the context (e.g., temperature).
  • Antonyms: Depends on context (e.g., "nineteen-degree").
  • Examples:
    • "Восемнадцатиградусного мороза было достаточно, чтобы замерзнуть." ("Eighteen-degree frost was enough to freeze.")
    • "Восемнадцатиградусного чая было достаточно, чтобы согреться." ("Eighteen-degree tea was enough to warm up.")

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel reduction might exist, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might pronounce unstressed 'о' as a slightly more open vowel than /ə/.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• двадцатиградусного (dvadtsatigradusnogo) – "twenty-degree". Syllable division: два-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-го. Similar structure, differing in the initial numeral component.
• шестнадцатиградусного (shestnadtsatigradusnogo) – "sixteen-degree". Syllable division: шест-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-но-го. Similar structure, differing in the initial numeral component.
• пятиградусного (pyatigradusnogo) – "five-degree". Syllable division: пя-ти-гра-дус-но-го. Shorter initial numeral component, resulting in fewer syllables.

The consistency in the "-градусного" portion demonstrates the predictable syllabification of this root and suffix combination. Differences arise primarily from the varying lengths and structures of the numeral prefixes.