Hyphenation ofвысокоинтеллигентными
Syllable Division:
вы-со-ко-ин-тел-ли-гент-ны-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentnɨmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010100
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('гент').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: вы-
Proto-Slavic origin, intensifier.
Root: со-интеллегент-
Combined root, 'so-' Proto-Slavic, 'intellegent-' from Latin via French.
Suffix: -н-ыми
Slavic suffixes, forming instrumental plural.
Highly intelligent, cultured, refined.
Translation: Highly intelligent
Examples:
"Они были людьми высокоинтеллигентными."
"Его манеры выдавали его высокоинтеллигентное происхождение."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'интеллегент-'
Shares the prefix 'вы-'
Similar 'ин' cluster.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllables
Syllables ending in vowels are open.
Consonant Clusters
Clusters are split based on sonority.
Prefix/Suffix Boundaries
Prefixes and suffixes form separate syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction (akan'ye) affects pronunciation but not syllabification.
The 'ин' cluster is consistently treated as a unit.
Summary:
The word 'высокоинтеллигентными' is syllabified into nine syllables based on Russian phonological rules, with stress on the fifth syllable ('гент'). It's a complex adjective formed from a prefix, root (borrowed from Latin via French), and suffixes, indicating a high degree of intelligence in the instrumental plural form.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "высокоинтеллигентными" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "высокоинтеллигентными" (vysokointelligentnymi) is a Russian adjective in the instrumental plural form. It describes something by means of being highly intelligent. Pronunciation involves a complex interplay of vowel reduction and consonant palatalization, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: вы- (vy-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Indicates a high degree or intensity.
- Root: со- (so-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Forms part of the compound root, contributing to the meaning of 'together' or 'completely'.
- Root: интеллегент- (intellegent-) - Origin: Borrowed from French "intelligent", ultimately from Latin "intelligentia". Function: Core meaning of 'intelligence'.
- Suffix: -н- ( -n-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Participial suffix, forming the passive participle.
- Suffix: -ыми ( -ymi) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Instrumental plural ending, indicating means or agency.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: вы-со-ко-ин-телли-гент-ны-ми.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentnɨmʲɪ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be tricky due to vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) and consonant clusters. The 'ин' cluster is a common point of analysis.
7. Grammatical Role:
As an adjective in the instrumental plural, the syllabification remains consistent. If it were in a different case or number, the suffix would change, affecting the final syllable.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Highly intelligent, cultured, refined.
- Translation: Highly intelligent (English)
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: образованный (obrazovannyy - educated), умный (umnyy - clever), культурный (kulturnyy - cultured)
- Antonyms: необразованный (neobrazovannyy - uneducated), глупый (glupyy - stupid)
- Examples:
- "Они были людьми высокоинтеллигентными." (Oni byli lyud'mi vysokointelligentnymi.) - "They were highly intelligent people."
- "Его манеры выдавали его высокоинтеллигентное происхождение." (Ego manery vydavali ego vysokointelligentnoe proiskhozhdenie.) - "His manners betrayed his highly intelligent background."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- интеллигенция (intelligentsiya): ин-тел-ли-ген-ци-я (in-tel-li-gen-tsi-ya) - Similar root structure, but different suffixation.
- высокий (vysokiy): вы-со-кий (vy-so-kiy) - Shares the prefix "вы-", demonstrating consistent syllabification.
- интенсивный (intensivnyy): ин-тен-сив-ный (in-ten-siv-nyy) - Similar 'ин' cluster, showing consistent handling.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Open Syllables: Syllables ending in a vowel are generally open (e.g., вы-со-ко).
- Rule 2: Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are split according to sonority hierarchy, favoring the placement of sonorants (l, m, n, r) in the following syllable (e.g., ин-тел-ли).
- Rule 3: Vowel Clusters: Vowel clusters are generally split, with each vowel forming a separate syllable (e.g., ко-ин).
- Rule 4: Prefix/Suffix Boundaries: Prefixes and suffixes are typically separated into distinct syllables.
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction (akan'ye) affects the pronunciation of unstressed vowels, but does not alter the syllabification based on orthography. The 'ин' cluster is a common area for potential variation, but the standard syllabification maintains the 'ин' together as a unit.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel pronunciation (akan'ye vs. okan'ye) might affect the sound of the syllables, but not their division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.