Hyphenation ofвысокоинтеллигентный
Syllable Division:
вы-со-ко-ин-тел-ли-гент-ный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentnɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00101110
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('ко') and the seventh syllable ('гент').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'т'
Open syllable, palatalization of 'л'
Closed syllable, stressed.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: высоко-
Old Russian origin, intensifier.
Root: интеллигент-
French/Latin origin, core meaning of intelligence.
Suffix: -ный
Adjectival suffix.
Highly intelligent, cultured, refined.
Translation: Highly intelligent
Examples:
"Он был высокоинтеллигентным человеком."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar adjectival structure and vowel-consonant patterns.
Shares the root 'интеллигент-' and similar syllabification.
Demonstrates integration of the 'высоко-' prefix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Prioritizes creating syllables with a vowel nucleus.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable.
Palatalization Influence
Palatalization of consonants before 'и' affects syllable structure.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Standard Russian syllabification rules apply without significant exceptions.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common phonetic feature but doesn't alter syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'высокоинтеллигентный' is divided into eight syllables based on the open syllable principle and consonant cluster handling. It consists of a prefix 'высоко-', a root 'интеллигент-', and a suffix '-ный'. The primary stress falls on the third and seventh syllables. The word is an adjective meaning 'highly intelligent'.
Detailed Analysis:
Analysis of "высокоинтеллигентный" (vysokointelligentnyy)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "высокоинтеллигентный" (vysokointelligentnyy) is a relatively long adjective meaning "highly intelligent." Its pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (a common feature of Russian), and palatalization.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create syllables with vowels as nuclei), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: высоко- (vysoko-) - From Old Russian vъsokъ meaning "high." Functions as an intensifier.
- Root: интеллигент- (intelligent-) - Borrowed from French intelligent, ultimately from Latin intelligentia ("understanding, intellect"). Represents the core concept of intelligence.
- Suffix: -ный (-nyy) - A common adjectival suffix in Russian, forming a qualitative adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: вы-со-ко-ин-тел-ли-гент-ный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentnɨj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- вы- (vy-) /vɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. No exceptions.
- со- (so-) /sɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. No exceptions.
- ко- (ko-) /ˈkɔ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant cluster. Stress falls here.
- ин- (in-) /ɪn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. No exceptions.
- тел- (tel-) /tʲɪl/ - Open syllable. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant.
- ли- (li-) /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant.
- гент- (gent-) /ˈɡʲent/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant cluster.
- ный (nyy) /nɨj/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. Final syllable.
7. Edge Case Review:
The consonant clusters sk and nt are common in Russian and don't present significant syllabification challenges. The palatalization of consonants before 'и' is a standard phonetic process that influences syllable structure.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Highly intelligent, cultured, refined.
- Translation: Highly intelligent
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: умный (umnyy - smart), образованный (obrazovannyy - educated), просвещенный (prosveshchennyy - enlightened)
- Antonyms: глупый (glupy - stupid), необразованный (neobrazovannyy - uneducated)
- Examples: "Он был высокоинтеллигентным человеком." (On byl vysokointelligentnym chelovekom.) - "He was a highly intelligent person."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reduction differences in unstressed syllables. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- образованный (obrazovannyy) - "educated": o-бра-зо-ван-ный. Similar syllable structure, with vowel-consonant patterns.
- интеллигентность (intelligentnost') - "intelligence": ин-тел-ли-гент-ность. Shares the root "интеллигент-" and exhibits similar syllabification rules.
- высокообразованный (vysokoobrazovannyy) - "highly educated": вы-со-ко-о-бра-зо-ван-ный. Demonstrates how the prefix "высоко-" integrates into the syllabic structure.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.