Hyphenation ofвысокоинтеллигентные

Linguistic Analysis of "высокоинтеллигентные" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "высокоинтеллигентные" (vysokointelligentnye) is an adjective meaning "highly intelligent." It's a relatively long word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: высо- (vysoko-) - From Old Russian "vъsokъ" meaning "high." Function: Intensifier.
• Root: интеллект- (intellekt-) - Borrowed from French "intellect," ultimately from Latin "intellectus" meaning "understanding, intellect." Function: Core meaning of intelligence.
• Suffix: -н- (-n-) - A linking suffix, common in forming adjectives from nouns. Function: Connects the root to the following suffix.
• Suffix: -ые (-ye) - Adjectival plural nominative/accusative ending. Function: Indicates plural number and nominative/accusative case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: вы-со-ко-ин-те-л-ли-ге́нт-ные.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentnɨjɪ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• вы- (vy-): /ˈvɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. No exceptions.
• со- (so-): /ˈsɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. No exceptions.
• ко- (ko-): /ˈkɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. No exceptions.
• ин- (in-): /ɪn/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before vowels. No exceptions.
• те- (te-): /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'е'.
• л- (l-): /lʲ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant after a vowel forms a syllable. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'.
• ли- (li-): /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'.
• ген- (gen-): /ˈɡʲent/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster before a vowel. Palatalization of 'г' due to following 'е'.
• т- (t-): /t/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant after a vowel forms a syllable.
• ные (nye-): /nɨjɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster before a vowel. Vowel reduction in unstressed position.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification is generally consistent, but vowel reduction in unstressed syllables can create phonetic ambiguity. The palatalization of consonants before front vowels (е, и, ё, ю, я) is crucial for accurate pronunciation and can influence syllable perception.

8. Grammatical Role:

As an adjective, the syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: высокоинтеллигентные (vysokointelligentnye)
• Translation: Highly intelligent
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: умные (umnye - smart), образованные (obrazovannye - educated)
• Antonyms: глупые (glupye - stupid), необразованные (neobrazovannye - uneducated)
• Examples: "Высокоинтеллигентные люди часто интересуются искусством." (Highly intelligent people are often interested in art.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or consonant palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• интеллигентный (intelligentny): ин-те-л-ли-гент-ный (in-te-l-li-gent-ny) - Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• образованный (obrazovanny): об-ра-зо-ван-ный (ob-ra-zo-van-ny) - Similar syllable structure, stress on the last syllable.
• интересный (interesny): ин-те-рес-ный (in-te-res-ny) - Similar syllable structure, stress on the last syllable.

The differences in stress placement are due to the morphological structure and the weight of the syllables. The presence of the prefix "высоко-" in our target word shifts the stress pattern.