Hyphenation ofвысокоинтеллигентным
Syllable Division:
вы-со-ко-ин-тел-ли-гент-ным
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentnɨm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00100001
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('ко'). The final syllable is also relatively prominent due to the case ending.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, stressed vowel.
Closed syllable, unstressed vowel.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, final syllable, instrumental case ending.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: вы-
Proto-Slavic origin, intensifier.
Root: со-интеллект
Latin-derived 'intellectus' via French/German, combined with Proto-Slavic 'so-'.
Suffix: -н-ым
Slavic participial and instrumental case endings.
Possessing a very high level of intelligence.
Translation: Highly intelligent
Examples:
"Он был человеком высокоинтеллигентным."
"Её манеры выдавали её высокоинтеллигентное происхождение."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'интеллект' and similar suffixation.
Shares the prefix 'высоко' and similar adjectival structure.
Demonstrates a different syllable structure due to different consonant clusters and vowel patterns, but illustrates typical Russian syllabification.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, with vowels as nuclei.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure, unless historically stable.
Vowel-Based Division
Syllables are divided around vowels, which typically form the syllable nucleus.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'и'.
Potential regional variations in vowel quality.
Summary:
The word 'высокоинтеллигентным' is an adjective meaning 'highly intelligent'. It is divided into eight syllables: вы-со-ко-ин-тел-ли-гент-ным. The stress falls on the third syllable ('ко'). The word's structure reflects a combination of Slavic and Latin-derived morphemes, and its syllabification follows standard Russian phonological rules, including consonant cluster resolution and vowel reduction.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "высокоинтеллигентным" (vysokointelligentnym)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "высокоинтеллигентным" is a Russian adjective meaning "highly intelligent." It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: вы- (vy-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Indicates a high degree or intensity.
- Root: со- (so-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Forms part of the compound root relating to 'together' or 'complete'.
- Root: интеллект (intellekt) - Origin: Latin intellectus (through French/German). Function: Core meaning of "intelligence."
- Suffix: -н- (-n-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Participial suffix, forming an adjective.
- Suffix: -ым (-ym) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Instrumental case, masculine singular, adjectival ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: вы-со-ко-ин-тел-ли-гент-ным.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentnɨm/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are typically broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure. However, certain consonant clusters are considered unbreakable due to historical phonological processes. In this word, the 'нт' cluster is generally broken.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the instrumental case, masculine singular. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of case or gender.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: высокоинтеллигентным
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Translation: Highly intelligent
- Synonyms: умным, образованным (umnym, obrazovannym) - intelligent, educated
- Antonyms: глупым, необразованным (glupym, neobrazovannym) - stupid, uneducated
- Examples:
- Он был человеком высокоинтеллигентным. (On byl chelovekom vysokointelligentnym.) - He was a highly intelligent man.
- Её манеры выдавали её высокоинтеллигентное происхождение. (Yeyo manery vydavali yeyo vysokointelligentnoye proiskhozhdeniye.) - Her manners revealed her highly intelligent background.
9. Phonological Comparison:
- интеллигентный (intelligentnyy): ин-тел-ли-гент-ный (in-tel-li-gent-nyy) - Similar syllable structure, stress on the third syllable.
- высокообразованный (vysokoobrazovannyy): вы-со-ко-об-ра-зо-ван-ный (vy-so-ko-ob-ra-zo-van-nyy) - Similar prefix and stress pattern.
- невероятно (neveroyatno): не-ве-ро-ят-но (ne-ve-ro-yat-no) - Demonstrates a different syllable structure due to different consonant clusters and vowel patterns.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, with a peak (nucleus) typically being a vowel.
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure, unless the cluster is historically stable.
- Rule 3: Vowel-Based Division: Vowels generally form syllable nuclei, and syllables are divided around them.
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation. The 'о' in "высоко" is reduced to /ɐ/ in unstressed position.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exist in vowel quality or the degree of vowel reduction. However, these variations generally do not affect the syllable division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.