Hyphenation ofмалоквалифицированной
Syllable Division:
ма-ло-ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ной
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/məlɐk‿vɐlʲɪfʲɪˈtsɨrəvənːəj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001000
Primary stress falls on the sixth syllable ('ро' in 'ци-ро-ван-ной').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalization of /l/.
Open syllable, palatalization of /f/.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, geminate consonant /nː/.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: ма-
Proto-Slavic origin, diminutive/degree modifier.
Root: квалифицир-
Latin 'qualificare' origin, core meaning of qualification.
Suffix: -ованн-ой
Slavic origin, past passive participle and feminine singular ending.
Low-skilled, poorly qualified, underqualified.
Translation: Low-skilled
Examples:
"Малоквалифицированный персонал привел к ошибкам."
"Она была малоквалифицированной работницей."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the same root and suffix structure.
Similar structure with an added prefix.
Similar structure with an added prefix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-centric Syllabification
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Consonants are assigned to the adjacent syllable based on sonority and phonotactic constraints.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation.
Palatalization of consonants before /i/ can vary slightly between speakers.
The geminate /nː/ does not pose a syllable division issue.
Summary:
The word 'малоквалифицированной' is divided into nine syllables based on vowel nuclei. It consists of a prefix 'ма-', a root 'квалифицир-', and suffixes '-ованн-ой'. The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable. Syllabification follows standard Russian vowel-centric rules.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "малоквалифицированной" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "малоквалифицированной" is a feminine past passive participle of the verb "квалифицировать" (to qualify). It's a relatively long word, and its pronunciation involves several vowel reductions common in unstressed syllables in Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
ма-ло-ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ной
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: ма- (from "мал-" meaning "small, little"). Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Diminutive/degree modifier.
- Root: квалифицир- (from "квалифицировать" - to qualify). Origin: Latin "qualificare" (to make of quality). Function: Core meaning of possessing qualifications.
- Suffixes: -ованн- (past passive participle suffix). Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms the past passive participle. -ой (feminine singular ending). Origin: Slavic. Function: Grammatical gender and case marking.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable: ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ной.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/məlɐk‿vɐlʲɪfʲɪˈtsɨrəvənːəj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ма- /mɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent division.
- ло- /lɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ква- /kvɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ли- /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above. Palatalization of /l/ due to following /i/.
- фи- /fʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above. Palatalization of /f/ due to following /i/.
- ци- /tsɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ро- /rɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ван- /vən/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ной /nːəj/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster /nː/ closes the syllable.
7. Edge Case Review & Exceptions:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllable division, particularly with consonant clusters. However, in this case, the division follows the most common and straightforward application of the vowel-centric rule. The geminate /nː/ is a result of the suffixation process and doesn't create a division issue.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification:
The word is primarily an adjective. As a past passive participle, it can also function as part of a compound verbal construction. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical role. Stress remains on the same syllable.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: малоквалифицированный (masculine) / малоквалифицированная (feminine) / малоквалифицированное (neuter)
- Translation: Low-skilled, poorly qualified, underqualified.
- Part of Speech: Adjective (past passive participle)
- Synonyms: неквалифицированный (nekvalifitsirovannyi - unqualified), недостаточно квалифицированный (nedostatochno kvalifitsirovannyi - insufficiently qualified).
- Antonyms: высококвалифицированный (vysokokvalifitsirovannyi - highly skilled, well-qualified).
- Examples:
- "Малоквалифицированный персонал привел к ошибкам." (Malokvalifitsirovannyi personal privel k oshibkam - Low-skilled personnel led to errors.)
- "Она была малоквалифицированной работницей." (Ona byla malokvalifitsirovannoy rabotnitsey - She was a low-skilled worker.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
Vowel reduction is consistent across most Russian dialects. However, the degree of palatalization before /i/ can vary slightly. Some speakers might pronounce /fʲɪ/ as /fi/ with less palatalization. This doesn't affect syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- квалифицированный (kvalifitsirovannyi): ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ный. Syllable division is similar, demonstrating the consistent application of vowel-centric rules.
- неквалифицированный (nekvalifitsirovannyi): не-ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ный. The addition of the prefix "не-" simply adds an initial syllable.
- высококвалифицированный (vysokokvalifitsirovannyi): вы-со-ко-ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ный. The prefix "высоко-" adds two initial syllables, but the core structure remains consistent.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.