Hyphenation ofнизкоквалифицированного
Syllable Division:
низ-ко-ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-но-го
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈnʲizkəkvɐlʲɪfʲɪtsɨˈrovənːəvə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
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Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-ван-').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant is palatalized.
Open syllable, vowel is reduced.
Open syllable, vowel is reduced.
Open syllable, consonant is palatalized.
Open syllable, consonant is palatalized.
Closed syllable.
Open syllable, vowel is reduced.
Closed syllable, vowel is reduced.
Open syllable, vowel is reduced.
Open syllable, vowel is reduced.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: низ-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'low'.
Root: квали-
From French 'qualifié', ultimately from Latin 'qualitas'.
Suffix: -фицирован-ного
Derived from French and Russian suffixes indicating process and grammatical case/gender.
Having a limited set of skills or qualifications.
Translation: Low-skilled
Examples:
"низкоквалифицированный рабочий"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'квали-' and similar suffixation.
Shares the prefix 'низ-'.
Shares the root 'квали-' and similar suffixation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are formed based on the consonant-vowel structure, with consonants forming the onset and vowels forming the rime.
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Sounds are ordered within a syllable based on their sonority (perceived loudness), with higher sonority sounds closer to the nucleus (vowel).
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa /ə/ or other reduced vowels.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before the vowel /i/.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction is a key feature of Russian phonology and significantly impacts syllabification.
Palatalization of consonants before /i/ is a consistent rule.
The word's length and complex morphology require careful application of syllabification rules.
Summary:
The word 'низкоквалифицированного' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'low-skilled'. It is divided into ten syllables based on the onset-rime principle, with consistent vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and palatalization of consonants before /i/. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word's morphology reveals a prefix of Slavic origin and a root borrowed from French/Latin.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "низкоквалифицированного" (низкоквалифицированного)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "низкоквалифицированного" is a Russian adjective meaning "low-skilled" or "unqualified." It's a relatively long word formed through extensive affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- низ- (niz-): Prefix, from Proto-Slavic nizъ meaning "low," "down." Indicates a low level or degree.
- квали- (kval-): Root, from French qualifié (qualified), ultimately from Latin qualitas (quality). Refers to skill or qualification.
- -фицирован- (-ficirovan-): Suffix, derived from the French suffix -fication and Russian -рование (-rovanie), indicating the process of becoming or being something.
- -ного (-nogo): Suffix, genitive singular masculine/neuter adjectival ending. Indicates grammatical gender, number, and case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: низкоквалифици́рованного.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈnʲizkəkvɐlʲɪfʲɪtsɨˈrovənːəvə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Description | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| низ | /nʲiz/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Sonority Sequencing Principle | Open syllable. The /nʲ/ is palatalized due to the following /i/. | None |
| ко | /kə/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Vowel Reduction | Open syllable. Vowel reduction of /o/ to /ə/ due to unstressed position. | Vowel reduction is standard in unstressed syllables. |
| ква | /kvɐ/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Vowel Reduction | Open syllable. Vowel reduction of /a/ to /ɐ/ due to unstressed position. | Vowel reduction is standard in unstressed syllables. |
| ли | /lʲi/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Palatalization | Open syllable. /l/ is palatalized by the following /i/. | None |
| фи | /fʲi/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Palatalization | Open syllable. /f/ is palatalized by the following /i/. | None |
| ци | /tsɨ/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel) | Closed syllable. | None |
| ро | /rə/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Vowel Reduction | Open syllable. Vowel reduction of /o/ to /ə/ due to unstressed position. | Vowel reduction is standard in unstressed syllables. |
| ван | /vɐn/ | Onset-Rime (vowel-consonant), Vowel Reduction | Closed syllable. Vowel reduction of /a/ to /ɐ/ due to unstressed position. | Vowel reduction is standard in unstressed syllables. |
| но | /nə/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Vowel Reduction | Open syllable. Vowel reduction of /o/ to /ə/ due to unstressed position. | Vowel reduction is standard in unstressed syllables. |
| го | /ɡə/ | Onset-Rime (consonant-vowel), Vowel Reduction | Open syllable. Vowel reduction of /o/ to /ə/ due to unstressed position. | Vowel reduction is standard in unstressed syllables. |
7. Exceptions & Special Cases (Word-Level):
The word's length and complex morphology present a challenge. The consistent application of vowel reduction rules is crucial. The palatalization of consonants before /i/ is a standard feature.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:
The word is primarily an adjective. While it can theoretically be used in nominalized forms, the syllabification remains consistent.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- низкоквалифицированный (nizkokvalifitsirovanny)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "Low-skilled": Having a limited set of skills or qualifications.
- "Unqualified": Not possessing the necessary skills or qualifications for a particular job or task.
- Translation: Low-skilled, unqualified
- Synonyms: неквалифицированный (nekvalifitsirovanny - unqualified), малоквалифицированный (malokvalifitsirovanny - poorly skilled)
- Antonyms: высококвалифицированный (vysokokvalifitsirovanny - highly skilled)
- Examples:
- "низкоквалифицированный рабочий" (nizkokvalifitsirovanny rabochiy) - a low-skilled worker
- "низкоквалифицированная рабочая сила" (nizkokvalifitsirovannaya rabochaya sila) - a low-skilled workforce
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel reduction might exist, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly alter the degree of vowel reduction.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| квалификация (kvalifikatsiya) | ква-ли-фи-ка-ци-я | Similar root "квали-" and suffixation patterns. Demonstrates consistent syllabification of the root. |
| низкий (nizkiy) | низ-кий | Shares the prefix "низ-". Illustrates consistent syllabification of the prefix. |
| квалифицировать (kvalifitsirovat') | ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-вать | Shares the root "квали-" and similar suffixation. Shows consistent syllabification of the root and related suffixes. |
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.