Hyphenation ofэлектроотрицательную
Syllable Division:
э-лек-тро-от-ри-ца-тель-ную
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪlʲɪkˈtrɐˌot͡rʲɪˈtsætʲɪlʲnʊjʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000100
Primary stress falls on the syllable '-ца-' (ца). The stress is dynamic and can be affected by intonation.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Onset-less syllable, initial vowel.
Closed syllable with consonant cluster.
Closed syllable with consonant cluster.
Open syllable, simple CV structure.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, final syllable with grammatical function.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: электро-
From Greek 'elektron', denoting electricity.
Root: отрица-
From Slavic root 'отрицать' (to deny).
Suffix: -тель-ную
Combination of adjective-forming suffix '-тель-' and feminine accusative singular ending '-ную'.
Relating to or exhibiting electronegativity.
Translation: electronegative
Examples:
"Электроотрицательность хлора выше, чем у натрия."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Complex structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
Similar stress pattern and multiple syllables.
Similar syllable structure with vowel reduction.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Syllables are formed around a sonority peak (vowel).
Consonant Cluster Permissibility
Russian allows certain consonant clusters within syllables.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before front vowels.
Onset-less Syllables
Russian allows syllables to begin with a vowel.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization influencing phonetic realization but not orthographic division.
Summary:
The word 'электроотрицательную' is divided into eight syllables based on Russian phonological rules, with primary stress on the sixth syllable ('-ца-'). It's a complex adjective formed through compounding and affixation, exhibiting typical Russian features like vowel reduction and consonant cluster permissibility.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "электроотрицательную" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "электроотрицательную" is a complex adjective meaning "electronegative" (feminine, accusative singular). It's a relatively long word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
э-лек-тро-от-ри-ца-тель-ную
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- электро- (Prefix): From Greek "elektron" (ἤλεκτρον - amber), denoting electricity. Function: Forms compound words related to electricity.
- отрица- (Root): From "отрицать" (to deny, to negate). Origin: Slavic. Function: Indicates negation or a negative quality.
- -тель- (Suffix): A suffix forming adjectives from verbs or nouns, often indicating a quality or characteristic. Origin: Slavic.
- -ную (Suffix): Feminine accusative singular ending. Origin: Slavic. Function: Grammatical case and gender marking.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the syllable "-ца-": э-лек-тро-от-ри-ца-тель-ную.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪlʲɪkˈtrɐˌot͡rʲɪˈtsætʲɪlʲnʊjʊ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Explanation | Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| э | /ɪ/ | Onset-less syllable, vowel starts the word. | |
| лек | /lʲɛk/ | Consonant cluster "лк" is permissible within a syllable. | |
| тро | /trɔ/ | Consonant cluster "тр" is permissible within a syllable. | |
| от | /ot/ | Simple CV syllable. | |
| ри | /rʲɪ/ | Palatalization of "р" before "и". | |
| ца | /tsætʲ/ | Consonant cluster "ц" followed by a vowel. | |
| тель | /tʲɛlʲ/ | Palatalization of "т" before "е". | |
| ну | /nʊ/ | Simple CV syllable. |
Division Rules Applied:
- Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed around a sonority peak (vowel).
- Consonant Cluster Permissibility: Russian allows certain consonant clusters within syllables (e.g., "тр", "лк").
- Palatalization: Consonants are palatalized before front vowels ("и", "е", "ё", "ю", "я").
- Onset-less Syllables: Russian allows syllables to begin with a vowel.
7. Exceptions & Special Cases:
- Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the written syllable division.
- The palatalization of consonants before front vowels influences the phonetic realization but not the orthographic syllable division.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification:
The word is an adjective. If it were used as a noun (which is less common but possible in certain contexts), the stress and potentially the perceived syllable boundaries might shift slightly, but the written syllable division would remain the same.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: электроотрицательную
- Translation: electronegative
- Part of Speech: Adjective (feminine, accusative singular)
- Definitions:
- Relating to or exhibiting electronegativity.
- Having a strong tendency to attract electrons.
- Synonyms: (in a broader chemical context) электрофильную (electrophilic)
- Antonyms: электроположительную (electropositive)
- Examples:
- "Электроотрицательность хлора выше, чем у натрия." (The electronegativity of chlorine is higher than that of sodium.)
- "Этот элемент обладает высокой электроотрицательностью." (This element has high electronegativity.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, slight regional variations in vowel quality and stress intensity might occur. However, these variations wouldn't fundamentally alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| фотография (photograph) | фо-то-гра-фи-я | Similar complex structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction. |
| университет (university) | у-ни-вер-си-те́т | Similar stress pattern and presence of multiple syllables. |
| биология (biology) | би-о-ло́-ги-я | Similar syllable structure with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. |
The syllable division in "электроотрицательную" is consistent with these words in terms of applying the sonority sequencing principle and allowing permissible consonant clusters. The stress pattern also follows the general Russian rule of placing stress on one of the last three syllables.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.