Hyphenation ofczterdziestodwukilometrowej
Syllable Division:
czter-dzie-sto-dwu-ki-lo-me-tro-wej
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈt͡ʂtɛʐd͡ʑɛstɔdvu.ki.lɔˈmɛ.trɔ.vɛj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000101
Polish stress typically falls on the penultimate syllable. In this word, the primary stress is on the syllable 'tro'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Closed syllable, onset cluster /t͡ʂ/, vowel /ɛ/, coda /r/. Initial syllable.
Closed syllable, onset /d͡ʑ/, vowel /ɛ/. Palatalization of 'd' influences pronunciation.
Open syllable, onset cluster /st/, vowel /ɔ/. Common Polish consonant cluster.
Open syllable, onset /d/, vowel /u/. Prefix 'dwu'.
Open syllable, onset /k/, vowel /i/. Part of the 'kilometr' root.
Open syllable, onset /l/, vowel /ɔ/. Part of the 'kilometr' root.
Open syllable, onset /m/, vowel /ɛ/. Part of the 'kilometr' root.
Open syllable, onset cluster /tr/, vowel /ɔ/. Stressed syllable.
Closed syllable, onset /v/, vowel /ɛ/, coda /j/. Inflectional ending.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dwu-
From Proto-Slavic *dъva*, meaning 'two'. Indicates duality.
Root: kilometr-
Borrowed from French, ultimately from Greek. Denotes a unit of distance.
Suffix: -owej
Genitive singular feminine adjectival ending. Indicates grammatical case, gender, and number.
Relating to or measuring forty-two kilometers.
Translation: Forty-two-kilometer (feminine genitive singular)
Examples:
"Mapa przedstawiała trasę o długości czterdziestodwukilometrowej."
"Przejazd czterdziestodwukilometrowej trasy zajął mu godzinę."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'kilometr' root and the same inflectional ending, differing only in the initial numeral.
Similar structure with the 'dwu-' prefix and 'kilometr' root, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Shorter, but illustrates the consistent syllabification of the 'kilometr' root and the ending.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Polish favors maximizing consonant clusters at the beginning of syllables (e.g., 'czter', 'dź').
Vowel-Centric Syllabification
Syllables are built around vowels, with consonants assigned to the nearest vowel.
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Within a syllable, sounds are ordered from more sonorous (vowels) to less sonorous (consonants).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'rz' cluster is treated as a single phoneme /ʐ/.
Palatalization of consonants (e.g., 'dź') influences pronunciation but doesn't alter the syllabification based on written form.
The word's length and complex consonant clusters require careful application of syllabification rules.
Summary:
The word 'czterdziestodwukilometrowej' is a complex Polish adjective syllabified based on vowel-centric principles, onset maximization, and sonority sequencing. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('tro'). It's formed from a numeral base, a prefix, a borrowed root ('kilometr'), and an inflectional suffix. Syllabification is consistent with similar Polish words.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: czterdziestodwukilometrowej
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "czterdziestodwukilometrowej" is a highly inflected Polish adjective in the genitive singular feminine form. It's a complex word formed through compounding and inflection. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and requires careful attention to vowel quality and palatalization.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which generally favor open syllables (CV) but allow for closed syllables (CVC) and consonant clusters within syllables, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- czterdzieści-: From Proto-Slavic čьtьrьděsьti, related to the number "forty". (Numeral base)
- dwu-: From Proto-Slavic dъva, meaning "two". (Prefix indicating "two")
- kilometr-: Borrowed from French "kilomètre", ultimately from Greek khilios (thousand) and metron (measure). (Root denoting "kilometer")
- -owej: Genitive singular feminine ending. Derived from the adjectival suffix "-owy" and the genitive case ending "-ej". (Suffix indicating grammatical case, gender, and number)
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-tro-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈt͡ʂtɛʐd͡ʑɛstɔdvu.ki.lɔˈmɛ.trɔ.vɛj/
6. Edge Case Review:
The word presents challenges due to the numerous consonant clusters. Polish allows for complex clusters, but their syllabification needs careful consideration. The "rz" cluster is treated as a single phoneme /ʐ/.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. While adjectives don't typically shift stress based on grammatical function, the inflectional endings can influence the perceived prominence of syllables.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to or measuring forty-two kilometers.
- Translation: Forty-two-kilometer (feminine genitive singular)
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: (Descriptive synonyms are difficult due to the specificity of the measurement)
- Antonyms: (Not applicable)
- Examples: "Mapa przedstawiała trasę o długości czterdziestodwukilometrowej." (The map showed a route of forty-two kilometers.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pięćdziesięciodwukilometrowej (fifty-two-kilometer): Similar structure, differing in the initial numeral. Syllabification follows the same principles.
- trzykilometrowej (three-kilometer): Shorter, but demonstrates the same "-owej" ending and kilometer root.
- jednokilometrowej (one-kilometer): Even shorter, highlighting the consistent syllabification of "kilometr" and the ending.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Polish pronunciation are subtle. Some speakers might slightly reduce vowels in unstressed syllables, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Division Rules:
- Onset Maximization: Polish tends to maximize onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable).
- Sonority Sequencing Principle: Within a syllable, sounds are ordered from more sonorous (vowels) to less sonorous (consonants).
- Vowel-Centric Syllabification: Syllables are built around vowels.
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What is hyphenation
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In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.