Hyphenation ofczterdziestodwukilometrowi
Syllable Division:
czter-dzie-sto-dwu-ki-lo-me-tro-wi
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈt͡ʂtɛʐd͡ʑɛstɔdvu‿kʲilɔˈmɛtrɔvi/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001001
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('me'), which is the standard stress pattern in Polish. The '‿' indicates a linking sound.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Closed syllable, onset cluster 'cztr', stressed.
Closed syllable, onset 'dź', vowel 'ɛ'.
Closed syllable, onset 'st', vowel 'ɔ'.
Closed syllable, onset 'dw', vowel 'u'.
Open syllable, onset 'kʲ', vowel 'i'.
Open syllable, onset 'l', vowel 'ɔ'.
Closed syllable, onset 'm', vowel 'ɛ', primary stress.
Open syllable, onset 'tr', vowel 'ɔ'.
Open syllable, onset 'v', vowel 'i'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: czterdzie-
From Proto-Slavic *četyre* meaning 'four', root.
Root: metr-
From Greek *metron* meaning 'measure'.
Suffix: -owy-m-i
Adjectival suffix -owy, genitive plural masculine animate ending -m-i.
Relating to forty-two kilometers.
Translation: Of forty-two kilometers.
Examples:
"Mapy czterdziestodwukilometrowi trasy"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar numerical adjective structure with 'kilo-' component.
Similar structure with 'kilo-' component and numerical prefix.
Similar structure with 'kilo-' component and shorter numerical prefix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Polish prefers to include as many consonants as possible in the onset of a syllable.
Avoid Stranded Consonants
Consonants are generally not left at the end of a syllable unless necessary.
Affricate Integrity
Affricates (cz, dż, sz, ż) are treated as single units.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The presence of consonant clusters is typical in Polish and requires careful syllabification to avoid violating phonotactic constraints.
The linking vowel 'o' facilitates the connection between morphemes.
Summary:
The word 'czterdziestodwukilometrowi' is a complex Polish adjective meaning 'of forty-two kilometers'. It's syllabified based on maximizing onsets and avoiding stranded consonants, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The word is composed of several morphemes, including numerical prefixes, a Greek-derived root, and Polish suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: czterdziestodwukilometrowi
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "czterdziestodwukilometrowi" is a highly inflected form, specifically the genitive plural masculine animate form of an adjective. It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and requires careful attention to vowel quality and palatalization.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize maximizing onsets and avoiding stranded consonants, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- czterdzie-: From Proto-Slavic četyre, meaning "four". (Root)
- -dziest-: A stem-forming element related to "ten" (dziesięć), used to create numbers like forty. (Stem)
- -o-: Connecting vowel. (Linking element)
- dwu-: From Proto-Slavic dъva, meaning "two". (Prefix)
- kilo-: From Greek khilioi, meaning "thousand". (Prefix, international scientific vocabulary)
- metr-: From Greek metron, meaning "measure". (Root)
- -owy: Adjectival suffix, forming adjectives from nouns. (Suffix, Polish origin)
- -m: Genitive plural masculine animate ending. (Suffix, Polish origin)
- -i: Inflectional ending indicating genitive plural masculine animate. (Suffix, Polish origin)
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-me-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈt͡ʂtɛʐd͡ʑɛstɔdvu‿kʲilɔˈmɛtrɔvi/
6. Edge Case Review:
Polish allows for consonant clusters, and this word exemplifies that. Syllabification must account for these clusters, avoiding breaking up affricates (like cz and d͡z) or palatalized consonants. The presence of the linking vowel 'o' is also a common feature.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the genitive plural masculine animate form. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical function, though stress remains fixed.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to forty-two kilometers.
- Translation: Of forty-two kilometers.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (genitive plural masculine animate)
- Synonyms: None readily available without specifying the noun it modifies.
- Antonyms: None readily available without specifying the noun it modifies.
- Examples: "Mapy czterdziestodwukilometrowi trasy" (Maps of the forty-two-kilometer route).
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pięćdziesięciodwukilometrowi (of fifty-two kilometers): Syllable division is similar, demonstrating the consistent application of rules to numerical adjectives.
- trzystukilometrowi (of three hundred kilometers): Again, similar syllabification, highlighting the consistent handling of prefixes and the 'kilo-' component.
- jednokilometrowi (of one kilometer): Shows how the syllable division adapts to shorter prefixes while maintaining the core structure.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Polish pronunciation are minimal regarding syllable division. However, vowel reduction in unstressed syllables can occur, potentially affecting the perceived length of syllables.
11. Division Rules:
- Onset Maximization: Polish prefers to maximize the number of consonants in the onset of a syllable.
- Avoid Stranded Consonants: Consonants are generally not left at the end of a syllable unless necessary due to word structure.
- Affricate Integrity: Affricates (cz, dż, sz, ż) are treated as single units and not broken across syllable boundaries.
- Palatalization: Palatalized consonants (ć, dź, ś, ź, ń) are considered part of the syllable they begin.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.