Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиградусные

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиградусные" (dvenadtsatigradusnye)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатиградусные" (dvenadtsatigradusnye) is a Russian adjective meaning "twelve-degree" or "twelve-grad". It's a complex word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

две-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-ные

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• две- (dve-): Prefix, meaning "two" or "twelve". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral prefix.
• -над- (-nad-): Part of the numeral stem, related to "над" (nad) meaning "over" or "above", but functioning as part of the complex numeral. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral component.
• -ца- (-tsa-): Part of the numeral stem. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral component.
• -ти- (-ti-): Part of the numeral stem. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral component.
• -гра- (-gra-): Root, derived from "градус" (gradus) meaning "degree". Origin: Latin gradus (step, degree). Morphological function: root denoting degree.
• -дус- (-dus-): Part of the root "градус". Origin: Latin. Morphological function: root component.
• -ные (-nye): Suffix, indicating the adjectival plural form. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: adjectival suffix.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: гра.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐd͡zɐˈtʲɪɡrɐˈdusnʲɪjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are often broken up, but the goal is to create syllables with a clear beginning and end. This word presents a challenge due to the long consonant clusters and vowel reduction.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: двенадцатиградусные (dvenadtsatigradusnye)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Translation: Twelve-degree, twelve-grad
• Synonyms: None readily available without specifying the context (e.g., twelve-degree Celsius).
• Antonyms: None readily available without specifying the context.
• Examples:
  • "Двенадцатиградусные морозы сковали город." (Dvenadtsatigradusnye morozy skovali gorod.) - "Twelve-degree frosts gripped the city."
  • "Двенадцатиградусные углы." (Dvenadtsatigradusnye ugly.) - "Twelve-degree angles."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• шестнадцатиградусные (shestnadtsatigradusnye) - "sixteen-degree": Syllabification: шест-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-ные. Similar structure, differing only in the numeral prefix.
• восемнадцатиградусные (vosemnadtsatigradusnye) - "eighteen-degree": Syllabification: во-сем-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-ные. Similar structure, differing in the numeral prefix.
• тринадцатиградусные (trinadtsatigradusnye) - "thirteen-degree": Syllabification: три-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-ные. Similar structure, differing in the numeral prefix.

The syllable structure is consistent across these words. The numeral prefixes determine the initial syllable breakdown, while the "градусные" portion remains constant.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, with more sonorous sounds (vowels) forming syllable peaks.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up, generally placing consonants with higher sonority in the following syllable.
• Rule 3: Vowel-Initial Syllables: Syllables typically begin with a vowel.

11. Special Considerations:

Vowel reduction is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to schwa-like sounds or disappear entirely. This doesn't affect the written syllable division, but it's crucial for accurate pronunciation.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight regional variations in vowel reduction might occur. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.