Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиградусным
Syllable Division:
две-на-дца-ти-гра-дус-ным
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡t͡sətʲɪɡrɐˈdusnɨm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001011
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable 'гра' (gra) in 'гра-дус-ным'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, palatalized onset.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel.
Syllable with consonant cluster onset, unstressed vowel.
Open syllable, palatalized onset.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel.
Closed syllable.
Closed syllable, final consonant coda, unstressed vowel.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: две-
Numeral prefix meaning 'twelve', derived from 'два' (dva) - two.
Root: градус-
Borrowed from Latin 'gradus' meaning 'degree'.
Suffix: ным
Adjectival suffix indicating quality or passive participle, Proto-Slavic origin.
Relating to twelve degrees.
Translation: Twelve-degree, of twelve degrees
Examples:
"Двенадцатиградусным морозом сковал реку."
"Температура была двенадцатиградусным."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar complex morphology with numeral prefixes and suffixes.
Similar structure with numeral prefix and adjectival suffix.
Similar numeral prefix and suffix structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Syllable Structure
Russian favors CV (consonant-vowel) syllable structure. Consonant clusters are allowed in onsets.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation (e.g., 'о' to 'а').
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before 'е', 'ё', 'и', 'ю', 'я'.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Consonant clusters like 'дц' are permissible as syllable onsets.
Vowel reduction significantly impacts pronunciation but doesn't alter syllabification based on orthography.
Summary:
The word 'двенадцатиградусным' is a complex Russian adjective formed from a numeral prefix, a Latin-derived root, and an adjectival suffix. Syllabification follows CV structure where possible, with consonant clusters allowed in onsets. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. Vowel reduction is a key phonological feature.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиградусным" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "двенадцатиградусным" is a Russian adjective meaning "twelve-degree" or "of twelve degrees." It's a complex word formed through multiple morphological processes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
две-на-дца-ти-гра-дус-ным
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: две- (dve-) - meaning "two" or "twelve" (derived from the numeral "два" - dva).
- Root: -градус- (-gradus-) - meaning "degree" (borrowed from Latin gradus).
- Suffix: -ным (-nym) - adjectival suffix indicating passive participle or quality (derived from Proto-Slavic).
- Interfix: -ти- (-ti-) - connects the numeral prefix to the root.
- Suffix: -надцать (-nadtsat') - a suffix denoting "teen" (13-19) when added to numerals.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: гра-дус-ным.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡t͡sətʲɪɡrɐˈdusnɨm/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Explanation | Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| две | /dvʲɪ/ | Onset-rime structure. 'д' is a consonant onset, 'ве' is the rime. | Palatalization of 'д' before 'е'. |
| на | /nɐ/ | Simple CV syllable. | Vowel reduction in unstressed position. |
| дца | /d͡t͡sɐ/ | Consonant cluster 'дц' allowed as onset. | |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | CV syllable. 'т' is palatalized before 'и'. | Palatalization of 'т' before 'и'. |
| гра | /ɡrɐ/ | CV syllable. | Vowel reduction in unstressed position. |
| дус | /dus/ | CV syllable. | |
| ным | /nɨm/ | CV syllable. | Vowel reduction in unstressed position. Final consonant 'м' forms the coda. |
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a single consonant as the onset of a syllable. However, in this word, the 'д' in 'две' is permissible as it's followed by a vowel. The consonant cluster 'дц' is also acceptable.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: двенадцатиградусным (dvenadtsatigradusnym)
- Translation: twelve-degree, of twelve degrees
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: (None readily available without specifying context)
- Antonyms: (Context-dependent, e.g., "одноградусным" - odnogradusnym - one-degree)
- Examples:
- "Двенадцатиградусным морозом сковал реку." (Dvenadtsatigradusnym morozom skoval reku.) - "A twelve-degree frost froze the river."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- шестидесятидвух (shestidesyatidvukh): sixty-two. Syllables: ше-сти-де-ся-ти-двух. Similar complex morphology with numeral prefixes and suffixes.
- восьмидесятилетним (vos'midesyatiletnim): eighty-year-old. Syllables: вось-ми-де-ся-ти-лет-ним. Similar structure with numeral prefix and adjectival suffix.
- тринадцатиэтажном (trinadtsatietazhnom): thirteen-story. Syllables: три-на-дца-ти-э-таж-ном. Similar numeral prefix and suffix structure.
The syllable division in all these words follows the same principles: CV structure where possible, consonant clusters allowed in onsets, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. The complexity arises from the length of the words and the number of morphemes involved.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.