Hyphenation ofдезинформировавшимися
Syllable Division:
де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ши-ми-ся
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪzʲɪn fɐrˈmʲirəvɐʂːɪm sʲæ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('ро' - ro).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, contains a vowel reduction.
Open syllable, common in Russian participles.
Open, stressed syllable.
Open syllable, part of the past participle suffix.
Open syllable, contains a retroflex consonant.
Open syllable, linking vowel and suffix.
Open syllable, reflexive/passive participle suffix.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: де-
Latin origin (*dis-*), negating prefix.
Root: информирова-
Latin origin (*informare*), core meaning of informing.
Suffix: -вш-и-м-и-ся
Past active participle suffixes and linking vowels.
Having been disinformed; misled.
Translation: Disinformed
Examples:
"Дезинформировавшимися гражданами распространялись ложные слухи."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'информирова-' and similar suffix structure.
Shares the prefix 'дезин-' and root 'информа-'.
Shares the root 'информирова-'.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Russian prefers syllables ending in vowels.
Sonority Hierarchy
Syllables are formed around a sonority peak (vowel).
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken up based on sonority.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
The 'вш' cluster is a common feature of past participles.
Potential regional variations in pronunciation may affect vowel quality.
Summary:
The word 'дезинформировавшимися' is a complex Russian participle. It is syllabified based on the open syllable principle and sonority hierarchy, with stress on the fifth syllable. It is formed from a Latin-derived root with Russian prefixes and suffixes, meaning 'disinformed'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дезинформировавшимися" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дезинформировавшимися" is a complex verbal adjective (participle) in Russian, derived from the verb "дезинформировать" (to disinform). Its pronunciation involves a series of vowel reductions and consonant assimilation, typical of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):
де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ши-ми-ся
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: де- (from Latin dis- meaning 'not, opposite of') - negating prefix.
- Root: -информирова- (from Latin informare meaning 'to inform') - the core meaning of providing information.
- Suffixes:
- -вш- (past active participle suffix) - indicates completed action.
- -и- (linking vowel, often found between a consonant cluster and a suffix)
- -м- (short form adjective suffix, masculine/neuter singular)
- -и- (linking vowel)
- -ся (reflexive/passive participle suffix) - indicates a state resulting from the action.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ши-ми-ся.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪzʲɪn fɐrˈmʲirəvɐʂːɪm sʲæ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The 'вш' cluster is often treated as a single unit for stress purposes, but is divided into two syllables for phonetic representation. The 'ми' syllable is a common pattern in Russian participles.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is a passive participle, functioning as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Disinformed, having been disinformed.
- Part of Speech: Adjective (participle)
- Translation: Disinformed, misled.
- Synonyms: обманутый (obmanuty - deceived), введенный в заблуждение (vvedennyy v zabluzhdeniye - led astray).
- Antonyms: информированный (informirovanny - informed).
- Examples:
- "Дезинформировавшимися гражданами распространялись ложные слухи." (Dezinformirovavshimisya grazhdanami rasprostranyalis' lozhnye slukhi.) - "False rumors were spread by disinformed citizens."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- информированный (informirovannyy): ин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ный - Similar syllable structure, stress on the fourth syllable.
- дезинформация (dezinformatsiya): де-зин-фор-ма-ци-я - Similar prefix and root, stress on the fourth syllable.
- проинформировать (proinformirovat'): про-ин-фор-ми-ро-вать - Similar root, stress on the fifth syllable.
The differences in syllable division arise from the addition of suffixes and the resulting consonant clusters. The core 'информирова-' remains consistent in its syllabic structure.
Division Rules:
- Open Syllable Principle: Russian favors syllables ending in vowels.
- Sonority Hierarchy: Syllables are formed around a sonority peak (vowel).
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are often broken up, with one consonant joining the preceding syllable and the other the following.
Special Considerations:
- Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the written syllable division.
- The 'вш' cluster is a common feature of past participles and requires careful consideration.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.