Hyphenation ofдезинформировавшими

Linguistic Analysis of "дезинформировавшими" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "дезинформировавшими" is a complex verbal adjective (participle) in Russian. It's formed from the verb "дезинформировать" (to disinform). Pronunciation involves a series of vowel reductions typical of unstressed syllables in Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ши-ми

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: де- (de-), from Latin dis- meaning negation or reversal. Function: Negation.
• Root: -информирова- (-informirova-), derived from the Latin informare (to inform). Function: Core meaning of providing information.
• Suffix: -вш- (-vsh-), past active participle suffix. Function: Indicates completed action.
• Suffix: -и- (-i-), connecting vowel. Function: Connects the participle suffix to the ending.
• Ending: -ми (-mi), plural masculine/neuter past active participle ending. Function: Indicates plural number and gender/case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ши-ми.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dʲɪzʲɪn fɐrˈmʲirəvɐʂːɪmʲɪ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are usually broken up to create syllables with a single consonant onset. Vowel reduction is significant in unstressed syllables, impacting the phonetic realization but not the orthographic syllable division.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is a short-form adjective (participle) describing something that has been disinformed. The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: дезинформировавшими
• Part of Speech: Adjective (Participle - past active, plural)
• Definitions:
  • "Having disinformed"
  • "That have disinformed"
• Translation: "having disinformed", "that have disinformed"
• Synonyms: обманувшими (having deceived), спутавшими (having confused)
• Antonyms: проинформировавшими (having informed)
• Examples:
  • "Дезинформировавшими общественность, они добились своей цели." (Having disinformed the public, they achieved their goal.)
  • "Они были обвинены в дезинформировавшими следователей." (They were accused of having disinformed the investigators.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• информировать (informirovat’): ин-фор-ми-ро-вать (in-for-mi-ro-vat’) - Similar syllable structure, stress on the fourth syllable.
• дезинформация (dezinformatsiya): де-зин-фор-ма-ци-я (de-zin-for-ma-tsi-ya) - Similar prefix and root, stress on the fourth syllable.
• проинформировали (proinformirovali): про-ин-фор-ми-ро-ва-ли (pro-in-for-mi-ro-va-li) - Similar root and suffix structure, stress on the fifth syllable.

The differences in syllable division arise from the varying suffixes and endings, which dictate the placement of syllable boundaries. The consistent stress on the root syllable (or a syllable immediately following it) highlights the importance of the root in determining prosodic prominence.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Consonant-Vowel Division: Syllables are typically formed around a vowel, with any preceding consonants forming the onset. (e.g., де-зин)
• Rule 2: Maximizing Onsets: Russian tends to maximize the number of syllables with consonant onsets. (e.g., фор-ми)
• Rule 3: Vowel Clusters: Vowel clusters are generally separated into different syllables. (e.g., ро-вав)
• Rule 4: Soft Consonants: Palatalized consonants (like дʲ and зʲ) tend to remain within their syllable.

11. Special Considerations:

Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation. This doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division but significantly alters the phonetic realization. The presence of the past participle suffix "-вш-" can sometimes lead to variations in pronunciation, but the syllable division remains consistent.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel quality or the degree of palatalization. However, these variations generally do not alter the syllable division.