Hyphenation ofдезинформировавшихся

Linguistic Analysis of "дезинформировавшихся" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "дезинформировавшихся" is a complex, derived word in Russian. It's a past active participle plural, masculine/feminine/neuter form. Pronunciation involves several vowel reductions typical of unstressed syllables in Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ших-ся

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: де- (de-), from Latin dis- meaning negation or reversal.
• Root: -информирова- (-informirova-), derived from the verb "информировать" (informirovat') - to inform, ultimately from Latin informare.
• Suffixes:
  • -в- (-v-), a linking suffix common in Russian verb formation.
  • -ш- (-sh-), a suffix forming the past active participle.
  • -их- (-ikh), a suffix indicating plural past tense.
  • -ся (-sya), a reflexive/passive particle, indicating a process or state.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ших-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dʲɪzʲɪn fɐrˈmʲirəvɐvʂɨx sʲæ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• де /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. The 'e' is palatalized due to the following 'и'.
• зин /zʲɪn/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before a vowel.
• фор /fɐr/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before a vowel.
• ми /mʲi/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. The 'и' is palatalized.
• ро /ro/ - Open syllable, stressed. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
• вав /vɐv/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables.
• ших /ʂɨx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before a vowel.
• ся /sʲæ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. The 'я' is palatalized.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification is generally straightforward, but vowel reduction in unstressed syllables can make phonetic transcription more complex. The palatalization of consonants before 'и' and 'я' is a key feature.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is a past active participle, functioning as an adjective describing a group of people who have undergone the process of being disinformed. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: дезинформировавшихся (dezinformirovas'shikhsya)
• Part of Speech: Past Active Participle (Adjectival)
• Definitions:
  • "Having been disinformed"
  • "Who have been misinformed"
• Translation: Having been disinformed
• Synonyms: обманутых (obmanutykh) - deceived, введенных в заблуждение (vedennykh v zabluzhdeniye) - led astray
• Antonyms: информированных (informirovannykh) - informed
• Examples:
  • "Дезинформировавшихся граждан использовали в политических целях." (Dezinformirovas'shikhsya grazhdan ispol'zovali v politicheskikh tselyakh.) - "The disinformed citizens were used for political purposes."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• информировать (informirovat') - ин-фор-ми-ро-вать (in-for-mi-ro-vat') - Similar structure with the root "informirova-". Stress pattern is different.
• дезинформация (dezinformatsiya) - де-зин-фор-ма-ци-я (de-zin-for-ma-tsi-ya) - Shares the "dezinforma-" prefix and root.
• проинформировавших (proinformirovas'hikh) - про-ин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ших (pro-in-for-mi-ro-vav-shikh) - Similar suffixation and root structure.