Hyphenation ofдезинформировавшиеся

Linguistic Analysis of "дезинформировавшиеся" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "дезинформировавшиеся" is a past active participle, masculine plural, of the verb "дезинформировать" (to disinform). It's a complex word with multiple morphemes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ши-е-ся.

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: де- (from Latin de- meaning "down, away, removal"). Function: negation/reversal.
• Root: -зинформ- (from French désinformation and ultimately Latin informatio meaning "information, instruction"). Function: core meaning related to information.
• Suffix: -ирова- (verbal suffix indicating iterative or imperfective action, derived from French -er). Function: verb formation.
• Suffix: -вш- (past participle suffix). Function: indicates past action.
• Suffix: -и- (linking vowel). Function: connects the participle suffix to the following suffix.
• Suffix: -е (gender/number ending for masculine plural). Function: grammatical agreement.
• Suffix: -ся (reflexive/passive particle). Function: indicates a reflexive or passive action.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ши-е-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dʲɪzʲɪn fɐrˈmʲɪrəvɐvʂɪjɪsʲə/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• де /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent separation.
• зин /zʲɪn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
• фор /fɐr/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant 'р' closes the syllable.
• ми /mʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
• ро /ro/ - Open syllable, stressed. Rule: Vowel 'о' is the nucleus, and stress influences pronunciation.
• вав /vɐv/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant 'в' closes the syllable.
• ши /ʂɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
• е /jɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel 'е' is the nucleus.
• ся /sʲə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, in this case, the divisions are relatively straightforward. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key consideration in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the syllabification itself.

8. Grammatical Role:

As a past active participle, the syllabification remains consistent regardless of its function within a sentence (e.g., as part of a compound verb tense or as an adjective).

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: дезинформировавшиеся
• Translation: having been disinformed / those who had been disinformed
• Part of Speech: Past Active Participle (Masculine Plural)
• Synonyms: обманутые (deceived), введенные в заблуждение (misled)
• Antonyms: информированные (informed)
• Examples: "Дезинформировавшиеся граждане были возмущены." (The citizens who had been disinformed were outraged.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. These variations would not significantly alter the syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• информированный (informed): ин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ный. Similar structure, stress on the fourth syllable.
• дезинформация (disinformation): де-зин-фор-ма-ци-я. Similar prefix and root, stress on the fourth syllable.
• формирование (formation): фор-ми-ро-ва-ни-е. Shares the root "-форм-", stress on the third syllable.

The consistency in syllabification across these words demonstrates the application of standard Russian phonological rules. Differences in stress placement are due to the varying morphological structures and vowel qualities.