Hyphenation ofкардиоревматологическими
Syllable Division:
кар-ди-о-рев-ма-то-ло-ги-че-ски-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/kɐrʲdʲɪɐrʲɪvʲmɐtɐlɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000001001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ги' in 'логическими').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable with consonant cluster onset.
Open syllable with palatalized consonant onset.
Single vowel syllable.
Open syllable with palatalized consonant onset.
Open syllable with vowel reduction.
Open syllable with vowel reduction.
Open syllable with vowel reduction.
Open syllable with palatalized consonant onset.
Open syllable with affricate onset.
Open syllable with consonant cluster onset and palatalization.
Open syllable with palatalized consonant onset.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: кардио-
From Greek *kardia* (heart). Denotes relation to the heart.
Root: ревматолог-
From Greek *rheuma* (flow) + *logos* (study). Denotes the study of rheumatism.
Suffix: -ическими
Slavic adjectival suffix indicating a quality or belonging to a category.
Relating to both the heart and rheumatic diseases.
Translation: cardiorheumatological
Examples:
"кардиоревматологическими осложнениями (cardiorheumatological complications)"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'кардио-' prefix and similar syllable structure.
Shares the 'ревмато-' root and similar vowel reduction patterns.
Shares the 'кардио-' prefix and demonstrates consistent syllabification.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are formed based on the consonant-vowel structure, with consonants forming the onset and vowels forming the rime.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation, affecting their phonetic realization.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before certain vowels (e.g., 'и', 'е').
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction is a key factor in Russian pronunciation and syllabification.
Consonant clusters are common and are generally maintained within a syllable.
The word adheres to the general rule of avoiding single-consonant syllables.
Summary:
The word 'кардиоревматологическими' is a complex adjective with 11 syllables, exhibiting typical Russian syllabification patterns based on onset-rime structure, vowel reduction, and palatalization. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is morphologically composed of a Greek-derived prefix, root, and a Slavic suffix.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "кардиоревматологическими" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "кардиоревматологическими" is a complex adjective meaning "cardiorheumatological" (relating to both the heart and rheumatic diseases). It's a relatively long word, heavily reliant on Greek and Latin roots, common in medical terminology. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a key feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: кардио- (kardio-) - From Greek kardia (heart). Function: Denotes relation to the heart.
- Root: ревматолог- (revmatolog-) - From Greek rheuma (flow, current) + logos (study, word). Function: Denotes the study of rheumatism.
- Suffix: -ическими (-icheskimi) - A complex adjectival suffix indicating a quality or belonging to a category. Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms a relative adjective in the instrumental/locative plural.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: кардиоревматологи́ческими.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/kɐrʲdʲɪɐrʲɪvʲmɐtɐlɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪmʲɪ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| кар | /kɐr/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'кр' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'а'. | None |
| ди | /dʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: Palatalized consonant 'д' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'и'. | Palatalization of 'д' before 'и'. |
| о | /o/ | Single vowel syllable. | None |
| рев | /rʲɛv/ | Onset-Rime: Palatalized consonant 'р' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'е' and 'в'. | Palatalization of 'р' due to following vowel. |
| ма | /mɐ/ | Single vowel syllable. | Vowel reduction. |
| то | /tɐ/ | Single vowel syllable. | Vowel reduction. |
| ло | /lɐ/ | Single vowel syllable. | Vowel reduction. |
| ги | /ɡʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: Palatalized consonant 'г' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'и'. | Palatalization of 'г' before 'и'. |
| че | /t͡ɕɛ/ | Onset-Rime: Affricate 'ч' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'е'. | None |
| ски | /skʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'ск' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'и'. | Palatalization of 'к' before 'и'. |
| ми | /mʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: Palatalized consonant 'м' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'и'. | Palatalization of 'м'. |
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a consonant as the sole element of a syllable. This is adhered to in this word. Vowel reduction is a significant factor, impacting the pronunciation of unstressed vowels.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., if used attributively or predicatively).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: кардиоревматологическими
- Translation: cardiorheumatological
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions: Relating to both the heart (cardio-) and rheumatic diseases (rheumatology).
- Synonyms: (None readily available as it's a highly specific medical term)
- Antonyms: (None readily available)
- Examples: "кардиоревматологическими осложнениями" (cardiorheumatological complications).
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- кардиология (kardiologija): /kɐrʲdʲɪˈlɔɡʲɪjə/ - Syllables: кар-ди-о-ло-ги-я. Similar structure, demonstrating the consistent application of onset-rime principles.
- ревматоидный (revmatoidnyj): /rʲɪvʲmɐˈtoɪdnɨj/ - Syllables: рев-ма-то-ид-ный. Similar consonant clusters and vowel reduction patterns.
- кардиограмма (kardiogramma): /kɐrʲdʲɪˈɡrɐmə/ - Syllables: кар-ди-о-грам-ма. Demonstrates the consistent syllabification of the 'кардио-' prefix.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.