Hyphenation ofкардиоревматологических
Syllable Division:
кар-ди-о-рев-ма-то-ло-ги-че-ских
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/kɐrˈdʲɪərevmətəlɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪx/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
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Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ги' in 'логиче').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster broken up.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, contains a palatalized consonant, stressed syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, genitive plural ending.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: кардио-
From Greek *kardia* (heart), denotes relation to the heart.
Root: ревматолог-
From Greek *rheuma* (flow) and *logos* (study), denotes the study of rheumatism.
Suffix: -ическ-их
-ическ- forms adjectives from nouns; -их is the genitive plural ending.
Relating to both the heart and rheumatic diseases.
Translation: Cardiorheumatological
Examples:
"кардиоревматологические проявления"
"кардиоревматологическое отделение"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Complex adjective structure with multiple Greek-derived roots and suffixes.
Similar pattern of combining roots and suffixes.
Shares the -логическ- suffix and similar stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Syllables are formed to maximize the sonority of the syllable nucleus.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables with permissible onset structures.
Vowel-Centric Syllables
Each syllable must contain a vowel (or a sonorant acting as a syllable nucleus).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant feature of Russian pronunciation, but does not affect the written syllable division.
The word is a complex adjective formed from multiple morphemes, requiring careful consideration of morpheme boundaries during syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'кардиоревматологических' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'cardiorheumatological'. It is divided into ten syllables: кар-ди-о-рев-ма-то-ло-ги-че-ских. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is formed from Greek roots and Russian suffixes, and its syllabification follows standard Russian phonological rules, prioritizing maximizing onsets and vowel-centric syllables.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "кардиоревматологических" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "кардиоревматологических" is a complex adjective meaning "cardiorheumatological" (relating to both the heart and rheumatic diseases). It's a highly specialized term, primarily used in medical contexts. Pronunciation follows standard Russian phonological rules, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables being a key feature.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
кар-ди-о-рев-ма-то-ло-ги-че-ских
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: кардио- (from Greek kardia - heart) - denotes relation to the heart.
- Root: ревматолог- (from Greek rheuma - flow, and logos - study) - denotes the study of rheumatism.
- Suffix: -ическ- (a suffix forming adjectives from nouns, indicating belonging to or relating to) - derived from the suffix -ический.
- Suffix: -их (genitive plural ending for adjectives) - indicates the adjective is modifying a plural noun in the genitive case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: кар-ди-о-рев-ма-то-ло-ги-че-ских.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/kɐrˈdʲɪərevmətəlɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪx/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are usually broken up to create syllables with a single consonant onset. The 'рев' cluster is a typical example.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Its syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of the noun it modifies.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to both the heart and rheumatic diseases.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (прилагательное)
- Translation: Cardiorheumatological
- Synonyms: (None readily available, as it's a very specific term)
- Antonyms: (Not applicable)
- Examples:
- "кардиоревматологические проявления" - cardiorheumatological manifestations.
- "кардиоревматологическое отделение" - cardiorheumatological department.
9. Phonological Comparison:
- анатомофизиологических (anatomophysiological) - Syllable division: а-на-то-мо-фи-зи-о-ло-ги-че-ских. Similar complex adjective structure with multiple Greek-derived roots and suffixes.
- психолингвистических (psycholinguistic) - Syllable division: пси-хо-лин-гви-сти-че-ских. Similar pattern of combining roots and suffixes.
- нефрологических (nephrological) - Syllable division: неф-ро-ло-ги-че-ских. Shorter, but shares the -логическ- suffix and similar stress pattern.
The differences in syllable count are due to the varying lengths of the root morphemes. However, the underlying principles of syllabification (maximizing onsets, vowel reduction in unstressed syllables) remain consistent.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize the sonority of the syllable nucleus.
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables with permissible onset structures.
- Rule 3: Vowel-Centric Syllables: Each syllable must contain a vowel (or a sonorant acting as a syllable nucleus).
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to schwa-like sounds. This doesn't affect the written syllable division, but it's crucial for accurate pronunciation.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.