Hyphenation ofкардиоревматологическое
Syllable Division:
кар-ди-о-рев-ма-то-ло-ги-че-ско-е
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/kɐrʲdʲɪɐ̯rʲɪvʲmɐtɐlɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskəjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
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The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ги' in 'логическ'). This is a common stress pattern for Russian adjectives.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, vowel only.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, contains a soft consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: кардио-
From Greek *kardia* (heart), functions as a combining form.
Root: ревмато-
From Greek *rheuma* (flow, current, rheumatism), functions as a combining form.
Suffix: -логическ-ое
From Greek *logikos* (logical, pertaining to study), forming an adjective. -ое is the neuter singular nominative/accusative ending.
Relating to the study or treatment of heart conditions caused by rheumatic fever.
Translation: Cardiorheumatological
Examples:
"кардиоревматологическое отделение"
"кардиоревматологическое заболевание"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Complex structure with borrowed roots and suffixes, similar stress pattern.
Similar suffix structure (-логическ-), comparable length and complexity.
Similar structure with Greek/Latin roots and the -ческий suffix, comparable length.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Russian syllabification prioritizes creating syllables that end in vowels.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken up to create open syllables where possible, but not always if the cluster is common or sonority allows.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The word is a relatively recent borrowing and compounding, which can sometimes lead to variations in pronunciation and syllabification.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian phonology and affects the phonetic realization of the word.
Summary:
The word 'кардиоревматологическое' is a complex Russian adjective derived from Greek and Latin roots. It is divided into 11 syllables, with stress on the penultimate syllable. Syllabification follows the open syllable principle and resolves consonant clusters to create pronounceable units. The word's morphemic structure reveals its origins and grammatical function.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "кардиоревматологическое" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "кардиоревматологическое" is a complex adjective meaning "cardiorheumatological." It's a relatively recent borrowing and compounding, exhibiting characteristics of both native Russian morphology and Greek/Latin-derived elements. Pronunciation follows standard Russian phonological rules, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables being a key feature.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- кардио- (kardio-): Prefix/Root, from Greek kardia (heart).
- ревмато- (revmato-): Root, from Greek rheuma (flow, current, rheumatism).
- -логическ- (-logichesk-): Suffix, from Greek logikos (logical, pertaining to study), forming an adjective.
- -ое (-oe): Adjectival ending, indicating neuter gender, singular, nominative/accusative case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: кардиоревматологи́ческое.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/kɐrʲdʲɪɐ̯rʲɪvʲmɐtɐlɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskəjə/
6. Edge Case Review:
The consonant clusters /rvm/ and /lg/ are relatively common in Russian borrowings and don't present significant syllabification challenges. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is standard.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. While it could theoretically be used to form a noun (referring to the field of study), the syllabification remains consistent.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to the study or treatment of heart conditions caused by rheumatic fever.
- Translation: Cardiorheumatological
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: (Limited, as it's a highly specific term) - ревматический (rheumatic), сердечный (cardiac) in certain contexts.
- Antonyms: (Difficult to define directly) - здоровый (healthy) in relation to the heart.
- Examples:
- "кардиоревматологическое отделение" (cardiorheumatological department)
- "кардиоревматологическое заболевание" (cardiorheumatological disease)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- автомобильный (avtomobil'nyy): a-вто-мо-би́ль-ный. Similar complex structure with borrowed roots and suffixes. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- психологический (psikhologicheskiy): пси-хо-ло-ги́-че-ский. Similar suffix structure (-логическ-). Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- геополитический (geopoliticheskiy): гео-по-ли́-ти-че-ский. Similar structure with Greek/Latin roots and the -ческий suffix. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
These comparisons demonstrate a consistent pattern of stress placement and syllabification in complex adjectives with similar morphological structures.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel quality might occur depending on regional accents, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Syllable Division Rules Applied:
- Open Syllable Principle: Russian prefers syllables ending in vowels.
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are generally broken up to create open syllables, but not always (e.g., /rvm/ remains intact).
- Sonority Sequencing Principle: Within consonant clusters, sounds are ordered by sonority (vowels > liquids > nasals > fricatives > stops).
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Proper hyphenation improves readability by reducing the unevenness of word spacing and unnecessary large gaps. It also helps avoid confusion that may occur when part of a word carries over. Ideal hyphenation should break words according to pronunciation and syllables. Most word processors and publishing apps have automated tools to handle hyphenation effectively based on language rules and dictionaries. Though subtle, proper hyphenation improves overall typography and reading comfort.