Hyphenation ofпротиворадиолокационные
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-ра-ди-о-ло-ка-ци-о́н-ные
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐrədʲɪlɐkɐˈt͡sɪɪnːɨjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000000100
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('о́н').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable.
Stressed syllable, open syllable.
Open syllable, suffix, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'against, opposite'.
Root: радиолокацион-
Derived from 'радио' and 'локация', international scientific vocabulary.
Suffix: -ные
Slavic adjectival suffix, forming relative adjectives.
Relating to or designed to counter radar systems.
Translation: Anti-radar, counter-radar
Examples:
"противорадиолокационные ракеты"
"противорадиолокационные покрытия"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and adjectival suffix.
Similar syllable structure and adjectival suffix.
Similar syllable structure and adjectival suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Attempts to create syllables of the form CV (consonant-vowel).
Sonority Hierarchy
Consonants are grouped based on their sonority.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on sonority and the open syllable principle.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before 'и' and 'е'.
The tendency to syllabify 'л' with the following vowel.
Summary:
The word 'противорадиолокационные' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'anti-radar'. It is divided into 11 syllables, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The syllabification follows the open syllable principle and sonority hierarchy, while considering vowel reduction and consonant palatalization. The word is morphologically composed of a prefix, root, and suffix, each with a distinct origin and function.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противорадиолокационные" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противорадиолокационные" is a complex adjective meaning "anti-radar" or "counter-radar." It's a relatively long word, typical of Russian's derivational morphology. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions, common in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create CV syllables), and considering sonority hierarchies, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite." Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
- Root: радиолокацион- (radiolokatsion-) - Derived from "радио" (radio) and "локация" (lokatsiya - location/detection). Origin: International scientific vocabulary (radio + location). Function: Indicates radar-related activity.
- Suffix: -ные (-nyye) - A common adjectival suffix in Russian, forming relative adjectives. Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms a passive adjectival meaning ("relating to").
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-ра-ди-о-ло-ка-ци-о́н-ные.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐrədʲɪlɐkɐˈt͡sɪɪnːɨjə/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is key. The 'л' in радиолокацион- is often syllabified with the following vowel, even though it creates a more complex syllable structure.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. While it can theoretically be used attributively to modify a noun, its core function is descriptive. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical role.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to or designed to counter radar systems.
- Translation: Anti-radar, counter-radar.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: (rarely used) средства противодействия радиолокации (means of countering radar)
- Antonyms: радиолокационные (radar)
- Examples:
- "противорадиолокационные ракеты" (anti-radar missiles)
- "противорадиолокационные покрытия" (anti-radar coatings)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- информационные (informatsionnyye): ин-фор-ма-ци-о́н-ные - Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
- образовательные (obrazovatel'nyye): об-ра-зо-ва-те́ль-ные - Again, penultimate stress, similar suffix.
- организационные (organizatsionnyye): ор-га-ни-за-ци-о́н-ные - Similar structure, demonstrating the consistent application of the -ционные suffix and penultimate stress. The difference lies in the initial consonant clusters.
10. Division Rules:
- Open Syllable Principle: Attempts to create syllables of the form CV (consonant-vowel).
- Sonority Hierarchy: Consonants are grouped based on their sonority (ability to be pronounced as a vowel-like sound).
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on the sonority hierarchy and the open syllable principle.
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division. The 'о' vowels in the unstressed syllables will be reduced to something closer to /ə/ or /a/.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.