Hyphenation ofсверхчувствительному

Linguistic Analysis of "сверхчувствительному" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "сверхчувствительному" is a Russian adjective meaning "hyper-sensitive" or "extremely sensitive." It's a relatively complex word, built with a prefix, root, and several suffixes, typical of Russian morphology. Pronunciation involves palatalization and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, common features of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

сверх-чув-стви-тель-но-му

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: сверх- (sverkh-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Intensifier, meaning "super," "over," or "hyper."
• Root: чувств- (chuvstv-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic čьvъstъ (feeling, sense). Function: Carries the core meaning of "feeling" or "sensitivity."
• Suffixes:
  • -и- (-i-) - Interfix, connecting the root to the following suffix.
  • -тель- (-tel') - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms a noun or adjective denoting a person or thing possessing the quality of the root. In this case, it contributes to the adjectival meaning.
  • -но- (-no-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms a passive participle or adjective.
  • -му (-mu) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Dative singular masculine/neuter ending, indicating the grammatical case and gender.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: сверх-чув-стви-тель-но-му.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ˈsʲevrʲɪt͡ɕʉvstvʲɪˈtʲelʲnəmʊ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. However, consonant clusters can be challenging. In this word, the "ств" cluster is a common occurrence and is typically split as shown.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the dative singular masculine/neuter form. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of the case or gender.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Extremely sensitive, hypersensitive.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Translation: Hyper-sensitive, extremely sensitive
• Synonyms: очень чувствительный (ochen' chuvstvitel'nyy - very sensitive), восприимчивый (vosprimchivyy - receptive)
• Antonyms: бесчувственный (beschuvstvennyy - insensitive), равнодушный (ravnodushnyy - indifferent)
• Examples:
  • Он был сверхчувствительным человеком. (On byl sverkhchuvstvitel'nym chelovekom. - He was a hyper-sensitive person.)
  • Кожа стала сверхчувствительной к солнцу. (Kozha stala sverkhchuvstvitel'noy k solntsu. - The skin became hypersensitive to the sun.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• чувствительный (chuvstvitel'nyy - sensitive): чув-стви-тель-ный (chuv-stvi-tel'-nyy) - Similar structure, stress on the same syllable.
• бесчувственный (beschuvstvennyy - insensitive): бес-чув-ствен-ный (bes-chuv-stven-nyy) - Similar root and suffix structure, but with a prefix "бес-" (bes-), meaning "without."
• ответственный (otvetstvennyy - responsible): от-вет-ствен-ный (ot-vet-stven-nyy) - Different root, but similar suffix structure (-тель- and -ный), demonstrating the common pattern of adjective formation.

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the presence or absence of the prefix "сверх-" and the varying consonant clusters.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Vowel-Consonant Division: Syllables are typically divided after vowels. (e.g., сверх-чув-)
• Rule 2: Maximizing Onsets: Consonant clusters are often broken to create syllables with onsets. (e.g., чув-стви-)
• Rule 3: Interfix Separation: Interfixes like "-и-" are treated as separate syllables when they connect root and suffix.
• Rule 4: Suffix Separation: Suffixes are generally separated into individual syllables.

11. Special Considerations:

Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation but doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division. The "в" in "сверх" can be pronounced as [f] in some dialects, but the spelling remains consistent.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exist in vowel quality or the degree of palatalization. These variations would not alter the fundamental syllable division.