Hyphenation ofвысокоинтеллектуальном
Syllable Division:
вы-со-ко-ин-тел-лек-ту-а́ль-ном
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪkˈtu̯ælʲnəm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000100100
Primary stress falls on the eighth syllable (а́), indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'в', nucleus 'ы'
Open syllable, onset 'с', nucleus 'о' (reduced to /ɐ/)
Open syllable, onset 'к', nucleus 'о' (reduced to /ɔ/)
Closed syllable, onset 'и', nucleus 'н'
Closed syllable, onset 'т', nucleus 'е', palatalized 'т'
Closed syllable, onset 'л', nucleus 'е', palatalized 'л'
Open syllable, onset 'т', nucleus 'у'
Open, stressed syllable, nucleus 'а'
Open syllable, onset 'л', palatalized
Closed syllable, onset 'н', nucleus 'о' (reduced to /əm/)
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: вы-
Old Slavic, denotes 'high', 'very', or 'exceedingly'
Root: интеллект-
Borrowed from Latin *intellectus* (intellect), meaning 'understanding', 'mind'
Suffix: -уал-н-ом
Adjectival suffix -уал-, participial suffix -н-, case ending -ом
Highly intellectual, of high intellect
Translation: Highly intellectual, of high intellect
Examples:
"Он был человеком высокоинтеллектуальном."
"Мы восхищались его высокоинтеллектуальным подходом."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'интеллект' and similar suffix structure.
Similar suffix structure (-ванный/-нный) and follows the same syllabification rules.
Shares the prefix 'вы-' and demonstrates consistent onset-rime principles.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are formed by combining an onset (consonant) with a nucleus (vowel). Russian allows consonant clusters at the beginning of syllables.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation (e.g., 'о' becomes /ɐ/ or /ə').
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before soft vowels (е, ё, и, ю, я) or the soft sign (ь).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction significantly impacts the perceived syllable structure. The soft sign (ь) doesn't form a syllable on its own but modifies the preceding consonant.
Summary:
The word 'высокоинтеллектуальном' is syllabified based on onset-rime principles, with consideration for vowel reduction and palatalization. The primary stress falls on the eighth syllable. The word is morphologically complex, consisting of a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes. It functions as a masculine singular instrumental/prepositional case adjective meaning 'highly intellectual'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "высокоинтеллектуальном" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "высокоинтеллектуальном" is a masculine singular instrumental/prepositional case adjective meaning "highly intellectual" or "of high intellect." It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: вы- (vy-) - Old Slavic, prefix denoting "high," "very," or "exceedingly."
- Root: интеллект- (intellekt-) - Borrowed from Latin intellectus (intellect), meaning "understanding," "mind."
- Suffix: -уал- (-ual-) - A suffix forming adjectives from nouns, indicating quality or characteristic.
- Suffix: -н- (-n-) - Participial suffix, forming a passive participle.
- Suffix: -ом (-om) - Case ending indicating instrumental or prepositional case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: вы-со-ко-ин-тел-лек-ту-а́ль-ном.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/vɨsɐˈkɔɪntʲɪlʲɪkˈtu̯ælʲnəm/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| вы | /vɨ/ | Onset-Rime: 'в' is the onset, 'ы' is the nucleus. Russian allows consonant clusters at the beginning of syllables. | None |
| со | /sɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'с' is the onset, 'о' is the nucleus. Vowel reduction applies here, 'о' becomes /ɐ/. | Vowel reduction is a common exception. |
| ко | /kɔ/ | Onset-Rime: 'к' is the onset, 'о' is the nucleus. Vowel reduction applies here, 'о' becomes /ɔ/. | Vowel reduction is a common exception. |
| ин | /ɪn/ | Onset-Rime: 'и' is the onset, 'н' is the nucleus. | None |
| тел | /tʲɪl/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'е' is the nucleus. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'е'. | Palatalization is a common feature of Russian phonology. |
| лек | /lʲɛk/ | Onset-Rime: 'л' is the onset, 'е' is the nucleus. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'е'. | Palatalization is a common feature of Russian phonology. |
| ту | /tu/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'у' is the nucleus. | None |
| а́ | /a/ | Onset-Rime: 'а' is the nucleus. This syllable receives primary stress. | Stress affects vowel quality. |
| ль | /lʲ/ | Onset-Rime: 'л' is the onset, 'ь' is the nucleus. Palatalization of 'л' due to the soft sign. | Soft sign indicates palatalization. |
| ном | /nəm/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' is the onset, 'о' is the nucleus. Vowel reduction applies here, 'о' becomes /əm/. | Vowel reduction is a common exception. |
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. However, vowel reduction significantly impacts the perceived syllable structure. The soft sign (ь) doesn't form a syllable on its own but modifies the preceding consonant.
8. Grammatical Role:
The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of whether the word is used as an adjective modifying a noun or as a standalone descriptor.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: высокоинтеллектуальном
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Translation: Highly intellectual, of high intellect.
- Synonyms: умный (umnyy - smart), образованный (obrazovannyy - educated), эрудированный (erudirovannyy - erudite).
- Antonyms: глупый (glupy - stupid), необразованный (neobrazovannyy - uneducated).
- Examples:
- "Он был человеком высокоинтеллектуальном." (On byl chelovekom vysokointellektual'nym - He was a highly intellectual person.)
- "Мы восхищались его высокоинтеллектуальным подходом." (My voskhishchalis' ego vysokointellektual'nym podkhodom - We admired his highly intellectual approach.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| интеллигентный (intelligentnyy - intelligent) | ин-тел-ли-гент-ный | Similar root (интеллект) and suffix structure. Syllable division follows the same onset-rime principles. |
| образованный (obrazovannyy - educated) | об-ра-зо-ван-ный | Similar suffix structure (-ванный/-нный). Demonstrates the consistent application of syllabification rules for adjectives. |
| высокий (vysokiy - high) | вы-со-кий | Shares the prefix "вы-" and demonstrates the same onset-rime principles. |
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.