Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиградусная

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиградусная" (dvenadtsatigradusnaya)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатиградусная" (dvenadtsatigradusnaya) is a Russian adjective meaning "twelve-degree" or "twelve-grad". It's a complex word formed from multiple morphemes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

две-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-на-я

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• две- (dve-): Prefix, meaning "two" or "twelve". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral modifier.
• -над- (-nad-): Part of the numeral component, derived from "над" (nad) meaning "over" or "above", but functioning here as part of the complex numeral. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral component.
• -ца- (-tsa-): Part of the numeral component, forming the numeral "twelve". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral component.
• -ти- (-ti-): Part of the numeral component, forming the numeral "twelve". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral component.
• -гра- (-gra-): Root, derived from "градус" (gradus), meaning "degree". Origin: Latin gradus (step, degree). Morphological function: root denoting degree.
• -дус- (-dus-): Part of the root "градус". Origin: Latin gradus. Morphological function: root component.
• -на- (-na-): Suffix, adjectival suffix forming a qualitative adjective. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: adjectival marker.
• -я (-ya): Suffix, feminine singular nominative/accusative adjectival ending. Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: grammatical gender and case marker.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: две-над-ца́-ти-гра-дус-на-я.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐd͡zɐˈtʲiɡrɐˈdusnəjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are usually broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure. The "дц" cluster is a common example.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., nominative, accusative).

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Twelve-degree; relating to a temperature or angle of twelve degrees.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (feminine singular nominative/accusative)
• Translation: Twelve-degree
• Synonyms: (depending on context) двенадцатиградусный (dvenadtsatigradusnyy - masculine form)
• Antonyms: (context-dependent, e.g., тринадцатиградусная - tridtsatigradusnaya - thirteen-degree)
• Examples:
  • "Температура была двенадцатиградусная." (Temperatura byla dvenadtsatigradusnaya.) - "The temperature was twelve degrees."
  • "Двенадцатиградусная вода была очень холодной." (Dvenadtsatigradusnaya voda byla ochen' kholodnoy.) - "The twelve-degree water was very cold."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• тринадцатиградусная (tridtsatigradusnaya) - thirteen-degree: три-над-ца-ти-гра-дус-на-я. Syllable structure is similar, with the numeral prefix changing.
• десятиградусная (desyatigradusnaya) - ten-degree: де-ся-ти-гра-дус-на-я. Shorter numeral prefix, but the root and suffixes remain consistent.
• шестиградусная (shestigradusnaya) - six-degree: шес-ти-гра-дус-на-я. Another numeral prefix variation, maintaining the core syllable structure.

The consistent presence of the "-гра-дус-на-я" sequence demonstrates the stability of the root and adjectival suffixes in these compounds. Differences arise primarily in the numeral prefixes, affecting the initial syllable count.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, generally following a CV (consonant-vowel) structure.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up, typically placing the less sonorous consonant in the preceding syllable. (e.g., "дц" -> "д-ца")
• Rule 3: Vowel-Based Division: Vowels generally form syllable nuclei, and syllables are divided around them.

11. Special Considerations:

Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, but does not affect the orthographic syllable division. The "дц" cluster requires careful consideration, as it's a common point of syllabification.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation and syllabification are as described above, slight regional variations in vowel quality might exist, but these do not fundamentally alter the syllable structure.