Hyphenation ofдисквалифицированных
Syllable Division:
ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ных
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪskvɐlʲɪfʲɪtsʲɪˈrovənːыx/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable (ци).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant palatalized.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable, consonant palatalized.
Open syllable, consonant palatalized.
Open, stressed syllable, consonant palatalized.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, geminated consonant.
Closed syllable, geminated consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: дис-
From Greek *dys-*, negation.
Root: квалифицир-
From Latin *qualificare*, to qualify.
Suffix: -ова-нн-ых
-ова- verb formation, -нн- passive participle, -ых plural/case/gender.
Excluded from participation; deemed ineligible.
Translation: disqualified
Examples:
"Дисквалифицированных спортсменов отстранили от соревнований."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shared root and similar syllable structure.
Shared root and similar syllable structure.
Shared prefix and similar syllable structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Boundary
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel.
Consonant Cluster Maintenance
Consonant clusters are maintained within a syllable unless unpronounceable.
Gemination
Geminate consonants are maintained within a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Gemination of 'н' in the '-нн-' suffix.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before 'и'.
Summary:
The word 'дисквалифицированных' is a passive participle derived from Latin and Greek roots. It is divided into eight syllables with stress on the fifth syllable. Syllable division follows vowel boundaries and maintains consonant clusters, with gemination of 'н' in the suffix. The word signifies 'disqualified' and is commonly used in contexts related to sports or eligibility.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дисквалифицированных" (diskvalifitsirovannykh)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дисквалифицированных" is a passive participle in Russian, meaning "disqualified." It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, palatalization, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ных
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: дис- (dis-) - From Greek dys- meaning "bad, difficult, abnormal." Function: Negation, reversal.
- Root: квалифицир- (kvalifitsir-) - From Latin qualificare meaning "to qualify." Function: Core meaning related to qualification.
- Suffixes:
- -ова- (-ova-) - A suffix used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives. Function: Verb formation.
- -нн- (-nn-) - A suffix indicating a passive participle. Function: Formation of a passive participle.
- -ых (-ykh) - A suffix indicating plural, genitive, dative, or prepositional case, and gender (masculine/neuter). Function: Grammatical case and gender marking.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ци (tsi).
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪskvɐlʲɪfʲɪtsʲɪˈrovənːыx/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ди (di): /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Exception: The initial consonant 'д' is palatalized due to the following 'и'.
- сква (skva): /skvɐ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they are unpronounceable.
- ли (li): /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. 'л' is palatalized by 'и'.
- фи (fi): /fʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. 'ф' is palatalized by 'и'.
- ци (tsi): /tsʲɪ/ - Open, stressed syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. 'ц' is palatalized by 'и'. Stress falls here.
- ро (ro): /rɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ван (van): /vɐnː/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a consonant. The 'н' is geminated due to the preceding suffix '-нн-'.
- ных (nykh): /nːыx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a consonant. 'н' is geminated.
7. Edge Case Review:
The gemination of 'н' in '-нн-' is a key feature. Russian allows for geminate consonants, particularly in suffixes. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is also crucial for accurate pronunciation.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily a passive participle. As a participle, its syllabification and stress remain consistent. If used as an adjective, the syllabification and stress would not change.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: дисквалифицированных (diskvalifitsirovannykh)
- Translation: disqualified
- Part of Speech: Adjective/Passive Participle
- Synonyms: отстраненных (otstranennykh - removed), лишенных (lishennykh - deprived)
- Antonyms: квалифицированных (kvalifitsirovannykh - qualified)
- Examples:
- "Дисквалифицированных спортсменов отстранили от соревнований." (Diskvalifitsirovannykh sportsmenov otstranili ot sorevnovaniy.) - "The disqualified athletes were removed from the competition."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- квалификация (kvalifikatsiya): ква-ли-фи-ка-ци-я - Similar syllable structure, stress on the fifth syllable.
- квалифицировать (kvalifitsirovat'): ква-ли-фи-ци-ро-вать - Similar syllable structure, stress on the fifth syllable.
- дискредитировать (diskreditirat'): дис-кре-ди-ти-ро-вать - Similar prefix 'дис-', stress pattern, and syllable structure.
The consistency in syllable division and stress placement across these words demonstrates the regularity of Russian phonological rules. The presence of consonant clusters and vowel reduction are common features.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.