Hyphenation ofдисквалифицированный
Syllable Division:
ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪskvɐlʲɪfʲɪtsɨˈrovənːɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000100
Primary stress falls on the sixth syllable ('ро').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open, stressed syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: дис-
From Greek *dys-*, meaning 'bad, difficult, abnormal'. Negation.
Root: квалифици́ровать
From Latin *qualificare*, meaning 'to qualify'. Core meaning of qualification.
Suffix: -и-рован-ный
Inflectional and adjectival suffixes forming a passive participle adjective.
Excluded from participation; deemed ineligible.
Translation: Disqualified
Examples:
"Дисквалифицированный спортсмен не мог участвовать в соревнованиях."
"Его дисквалифицировали за нарушение правил."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'квали-' and similar suffixation.
Shares the root 'квали-' and similar suffixation.
Shares the prefix 'дис-' and similar suffixation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Separation
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel, even within consonant clusters.
Consonant-Vowel Boundary
Syllable division occurs after a consonant if it's followed by a vowel.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Russian allows for consonant clusters, which are accommodated by the vowel-based syllable division rule.
Palatalization of consonants does not directly affect syllable division but influences pronunciation.
The long consonant /nː/ is a result of progressive assimilation and doesn't alter the syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'дисквалифицированный' is divided into eight syllables based on vowel separation. It's a passive adjective derived from Latin and Greek roots, with stress on the sixth syllable. Syllable division follows standard Russian rules, accommodating consonant clusters and palatalization.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дисквалифицированный" (diskvalifitsirovanny)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дисквалифицированный" (diskvalifitsirovanny) is a passive participle adjective meaning "disqualified." It's a relatively long word formed through extensive affixation. Pronunciation involves a complex interplay of consonant clusters and vowel reduction, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ный
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: дис- (dis-) - From Greek dys- meaning "bad, difficult, abnormal." Function: Negation.
- Root: квалифици́ровать (kvalifitsirovat') - From Latin qualificare meaning "to qualify." Function: Core meaning of qualification.
- Suffixes:
- -и- (-i-) - Inflectional suffix, part of the participle formation.
- -рован- (-rovan-) - Passive participle suffix.
- -ный (-nyy) - Adjectival suffix, forming a passive adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable: ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-ный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪskvɐlʲɪfʲɪtsɨˈrovənːɨj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ди /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Potential exception: The initial consonant cluster /dʲ/ is permissible.
- сква /skvɐ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs after a consonant if it's followed by a vowel.
- ли /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- фи /fʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ци /tsɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ро /ro/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. This syllable receives the primary stress.
- ван /vɐn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ный /nːɨj/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division after a consonant. The long consonant /nː/ is a result of progressive assimilation.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for consonant clusters, and this word contains several. Syllable division prioritizes vowel separation, even within clusters. The palatalization of consonants (indicated by the 'ʲ' in the IPA) doesn't directly affect syllable division but influences pronunciation.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word primarily functions as a passive adjective. As a participle, its syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: дисквалифицированный (diskvalifitsirovanny)
- Translation: Disqualified
- Part of Speech: Adjective (Passive Participle)
- Synonyms: отстраненный (otstranennyy - removed), лишенный (lishennyy - deprived)
- Antonyms: квалифицированный (kvalifitsirovannyy - qualified)
- Examples:
- "Дисквалифицированный спортсмен не мог участвовать в соревнованиях." (The disqualified athlete could not participate in the competition.)
- "Его дисквалифицировали за нарушение правил." (He was disqualified for violating the rules.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- квалификация (kvalifikatsiya): к-ва-ли-фи-ка-ци-я. Similar syllable structure, stress on the fifth syllable.
- квалифицировать (kvalifitsirovat'): к-ва-ли-фи-ци-ро-вать. Similar syllable structure, stress on the sixth syllable.
- дискредитировать (diskreditirat'): ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вать. Similar prefix and suffix structure, stress on the fifth syllable.
The differences in stress placement are due to the varying length and suffixation of the words. The consistent vowel-based syllable division rule applies across all examples.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.