Hyphenation ofдисквалифицированному
Syllable Division:
ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-но-му
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪskvɐlʲɪfʲɪˈtsʲɪrovənːəmʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001000
The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable, 'ро' (ro), as indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Stressed syllable, closed syllable.
Closed syllable, long vowel.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: дис-
From Greek *dys-*, meaning 'bad, difficult, abnormal'. Negation.
Root: квалифицировать
From Latin *qualificare*, meaning 'to qualify'. Core meaning.
Suffix: -ирован-но-му
Passive participle formation suffix (-irovan-) + case ending (-omu). Indicates completed action and grammatical case.
Disqualified
Translation: Disqualified
Examples:
"Спортсмен был дисквалифицированному из-за допинга."
"Кандидат был дисквалифицированному от участия в выборах."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'квали-' and similar suffix structure.
Shares the prefix 'дис-' and similar suffix structure.
Shares the root 'квали-' and exhibits similar syllable division principles.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Principle
Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with consonants grouped according to their sonority.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable, especially when they form a common phonetic unit.
Morphological Boundaries
Syllable division often respects morphemic boundaries, but this is not a strict rule.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables does not affect orthographic syllable division.
The long sequence of consonants requires careful application of the sonority principle.
Summary:
The word 'дисквалифицированному' is a past passive participle meaning 'disqualified'. It is divided into nine syllables based on the sonority principle and morphological structure, with stress on the sixth syllable. The word's complex morphology, including a Greek-derived prefix, a Latin-derived root, and multiple suffixes, contributes to its length and syllabic structure.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дисквалифицированному" (diskvalifitsirovannomu)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дисквалифицированному" is a masculine singular dative/locative past passive participle of the verb "дисквалифицировать" (diskvalifitsirovat') – to disqualify. It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves a mix of consonant clusters and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-но-му
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: дис- (dis-) - From Greek dys- meaning "bad, difficult, abnormal". Function: Negation, reversal.
- Root: квалифицировать (kvalifitsirovat') - From Latin qualificare meaning "to qualify". Function: Core meaning of assigning a quality or skill.
- Suffixes:
- -ирован- (-irovan-) - A suffix forming passive participles, derived from French -é. Function: Indicates a completed action performed on the subject.
- -н- (-n-) - Part of the passive participle formation.
- -ому (-omu) - Dative/Locative case ending for masculine singular. Function: Indicates the indirect object or location.
4. Stress Identification:
The stress falls on the sixth syllable: ди-сква-ли-фи-ци-ро-ван-но-му.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪskvɐlʲɪfʲɪtsʲɪˈrovənːəmʊ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally follows the sonority hierarchy, but consonant clusters can be challenging. The cluster /skv/ is common and treated as a single onset. Vowel reduction is significant in unstressed syllables, impacting the phonetic realization but not the orthographic syllable division.
7. Grammatical Role:
As a past passive participle, it functions primarily as an adjective describing a state resulting from being disqualified. The syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Disqualified (masculine singular, dative/locative case).
- Translation: Disqualified
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (past passive participle)
- Synonyms: отстраненный (otstranennyy) - removed, исключенный (isklyuchennyy) - excluded
- Antonyms: допущенный (dopuschennyy) - admitted, квалифицированный (kvalifitsirovannyy) - qualified
- Examples:
- Спортсмен был дисквалифицированному из-за допинга. (Sportmen byl diskvalifitsirovannomu iz-za dopinga.) - The athlete was disqualified due to doping.
- Кандидат был дисквалифицированному от участия в выборах. (Kandidat byl diskvalifitsirovannomu ot uchastiya v vyborakh.) - The candidate was disqualified from participating in the elections.
9. Phonological Comparison:
- квалифицированный (kvalifitsirovannyy) - qualified: квали-фи-ци-ро-ван-ный. Similar structure, stress on the 'ро' syllable.
- дискредитированному (diskreditirovannomu) - discredited: дис-кре-ди-ти-ро-ван-но-му. Similar prefix and suffix structure, stress pattern.
- квалификация (kvalifikatsiya) - qualification: ква-ли-фи-ка-ци-я. Shares the root "квали-" and exhibits similar syllable division principles.
The differences in syllable count are due to the addition of the case ending "-ому" in the target word and the different suffixes in the comparison words.
10. Division Rules:
- Sonority Principle: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with consonants grouped according to their sonority.
- Consonant Cluster Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable, especially when they form a common phonetic unit (e.g., /skv/).
- Morphological Boundaries: Syllable division often respects morphemic boundaries, but this is not a strict rule.
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, but does not affect the orthographic syllable division. The long sequence of consonants in the middle of the word requires careful application of the sonority principle.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel quality or consonant palatalization. These variations would not significantly alter the syllable division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.