Hyphenation ofдискредитировавшиеся
Syllable Division:
ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ши-е-ся
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪskrʲɪdʲɪtʲɪˈrovəvʂɪjɪsʲə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('ро' in 'ро-вав').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant cluster.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable.
Open, stressed syllable.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: дис-
From Greek *dys-*, meaning 'bad, ill, difficult'. Negation.
Root: кредит
From Latin *creditus*, meaning 'trust, belief'.
Suffix: -ировавшиеся
Combination of infinitive, past participle, and reflexive suffixes.
Having discredited, having lost credibility.
Translation: Having discredited
Examples:
"Дискредитировавшиеся политики потеряли поддержку избирателей."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar prefix/suffix structure and vowel-centered syllable formation.
Longer word with similar morphological complexity and syllabification rules.
Shares the 'credit' root and similar suffixation patterns.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus
Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus.
Consonant Clusters
Consonant clusters are permissible at the beginning or end of a syllable.
Maximizing Onsets
The principle of maximizing onsets is generally followed.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'я'.
Summary:
The word 'дискредитировавшиеся' is divided into nine syllables based on vowel nuclei and permissible consonant clusters. The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable. It's a past active participle formed from a Latin-derived root with Greek and Slavic affixes. Syllabification follows standard Russian phonological rules.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дискредитировавшиеся" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дискредитировавшиеся" is a past active participle masculine plural of the verb "дискредитировать" (to discredit). It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, palatalization, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ши-е-ся
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: дис- (dis-) - From Greek dys- meaning "bad, ill, difficult". Function: Negation, reversal.
- Root: кредит (kredit) - From Latin creditus meaning "trust, belief". Function: Core meaning related to trust.
- Suffixes:
- -и- (-i-) - Infinitive suffix, linking the root to the following suffixes.
- -т- (-t-) - Infinitive suffix.
- -ирова- (-irova-) - Verbal suffix forming verbs of imperfective aspect.
- -вш- (-vsh-) - Past participle suffix.
- -ие (-ie) - Past participle suffix.
- -ся (-sya) - Reflexive/Passive particle, indicating a completed action affecting the subject.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ши-е-ся.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪskrʲɪdʲɪtʲɪˈrovəvʂɪjɪsʲə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ди /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus. Exception: Initial consonant cluster is permissible.
- скре /skrʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters can occur at the beginning or end of a syllable.
- ди /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus.
- ти /tʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters can occur at the beginning or end of a syllable.
- ро /ro/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus. Stress falls on this syllable.
- вав /vɐv/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables.
- ши /ʂɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus.
- е /jɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus.
- ся /sʲə/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus. Palatalization of the consonant.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification allows for complex consonant clusters, which can sometimes lead to ambiguity. However, the principle of maximizing onsets (consonants at the beginning of a syllable) is generally followed.
8. Grammatical Role:
As a past active participle, the syllabification remains consistent regardless of its function within a sentence (e.g., as part of a compound predicate or as an adjective).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: дискредитировавшиеся (diskreditirovavshiyesya)
- Part of Speech: Past Active Participle (Masculine Plural)
- Definitions:
- Translation: Having discredited, having lost credibility.
- Synonyms: опозорившиеся (opozorivshiyesya - having disgraced themselves), потерявшие доверие (poteryavshiye doveriye - having lost trust).
- Antonyms: реабилитировавшиеся (reabilitirovavshiyesya - having rehabilitated themselves), оправдавшиеся (opravdavshiyesya - having justified themselves).
- Examples: "Дискредитировавшиеся политики потеряли поддержку избирателей." (The discredited politicians lost the support of voters.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- информированный (informirovannyy): ин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ный. Similar structure with prefixes and suffixes. Syllable division follows the same principles.
- демократизированный (demokratizirovannyy): де-мо-кра-ти-зи-ро-ван-ный. Longer word, but the same rules apply regarding vowel-centered syllables and consonant clusters.
- аккредитованный (akkreditovannyy): ак-кре-ди-то-ван-ный. Similar root (credit) and suffix structure. Syllable division is consistent.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.