Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулезным
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-ле-зным
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊˈlʲɛznɨm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable 'ку-ле́-зным'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Old Slavic origin, meaning 'against, opposite'.
Root: туберкулез
Latin origin (tuberculum), meaning 'tuberculosis'.
Suffix: -ным
Passive participle suffix forming an adjective.
Relating to or used in the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
Translation: Anti-tuberculosis
Examples:
"противотуберкулезные препараты"
"противотуберкулезная кампания"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar prefix-root-suffix structure.
Multiple prefixes, but consistent vowel-based syllabification.
Similar prefix (anti-) and overall structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Based Syllabification
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel sound.
Consonant Cluster Maintenance
Consonant clusters are typically maintained within a single syllable.
Palatalization Influence
Palatalization of consonants influences syllable structure and pronunciation.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation.
Regional variations in vowel reduction and palatalization may exist.
Summary:
The word 'противотуберкулезным' is an adjective meaning 'anti-tuberculosis'. It's syllabified based on vowel sounds, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The word is morphologically complex, consisting of a prefix, root, and suffix. Syllable division follows standard Russian rules, with considerations for vowel reduction and palatalization.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулезным" (protivotuberkuleznym)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противотуберкулезным" is a Russian adjective meaning "anti-tuberculosis" or "against tuberculosis." It's a complex word formed through extensive prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-ле-зным
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Old Slavic protivъ meaning "against, opposite." Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
- Root: туберкулез (tuberkulez) - From Latin tuberculum (a small swelling) via French and German. Function: Core meaning related to tuberculosis.
- Suffix: -ным (-nym) - A passive participle suffix indicating an adjectival quality. Function: Forms the adjective from the verbal root.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: ку-ле́-зным.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊˈlʲɛznɨm/
6. Syllable Analysis & Rule Application:
Here's a breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. No exceptions.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
- во- /və/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Vowel reduction to /ə/.
- ту- /tʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- бер- /bʲɪr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'б' due to following 'и'.
- ку- /kʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ле- /lʲɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'е'.
- зным /znɨm/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the division presented here is the most common and phonologically justifiable.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противотуберкулезный (protivotuberkuleznyy)
- Translation: Anti-tuberculosis, against tuberculosis
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: антитуберкулёзный (antituberkuleznyy)
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples:
- "противотуберкулезные препараты" (protivotuberkuleznyye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs
- "противотуберкулезная кампания" (protivotuberkuleznaya kampaniya) - anti-tuberculosis campaign
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. These variations generally don't affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- безопасный (bezopasnyy) - "safe" - бе-зо-пас-ный. Similar structure with prefix, root, and suffix. Syllable division follows the same vowel-based rule.
- неблагоприятный (neblagopriyatnyy) - "unfavorable" - не-бла-го-при-ят-ный. Longer word with multiple prefixes, but syllable division still adheres to the vowel-based rule.
- антибактериальный (antibakterial'nyy) - "antibacterial" - ан-ти-бак-те-ри-аль-ный. Similar prefix structure (anti-), and syllable division follows the same principles.
The key difference lies in the length and complexity of the root and the number of prefixes/suffixes. However, the fundamental syllabification rules remain consistent across these words.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.