Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулёзная

Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулёзная" (protivotuberkulyoznaya)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противотуберкулёзная" is a complex adjective in Russian, meaning "anti-tuberculosis." It's a relatively long word with several vowel and consonant clusters, posing challenges for syllabification. The pronunciation involves palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'ё'.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid breaking consonant clusters where possible, the word divides as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite." Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
• Root: туберкуль- (tuberkul-) - From Latin tuberculum (a small swelling, tubercle), via French tuberculose. Function: Relates to tuberculosis.
• Suffix: -ёзн- (-yozn-) - A derivational suffix forming adjectives related to disease. Origin: French -eux.
• Suffix: -ая (-aya) - A feminine singular adjectival ending. Function: Indicates gender and number agreement.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-лёз-ная.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲˈoznəjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

The cluster "туберкуль" presents a challenge. While Russian generally avoids breaking up consonant clusters, the vowel 'у' is often considered a syllable nucleus even when surrounded by consonants. The 'ё' is a diphthong and forms its own syllable.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to or used for the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
• Translation: Anti-tuberculosis
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: противотуберкулезный (protivotuberkuleznyy)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable.
• Examples:
  • "противотуберкулёзная кампания" (protivotuberkulyoznaya kampaniya) - anti-tuberculosis campaign
  • "противотуберкулёзные препараты" (protivotuberkulyoznyye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs

9. Phonological Comparison:

• автомобильный (avtomobil'nyy): a-вто-мо-биль-ный. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters. Stress falls on the third syllable.
• университетский (universitetskiy): у-ни-ве-рси-те́т-ский. Similar length and complexity. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
• международный (mezhdunarodnyy): ме́ж-ду-на-ро́д-ный. Consonant clusters and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Stress falls on the first and fourth syllables.

The differences in stress placement are due to the morphological structure and historical development of each word. "противотуберкулёзная" follows a more regular stress pattern for adjectives with suffixes.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in pronunciation are minimal for this word. However, some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel in unstressed syllables.

11. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Vowel Nucleus: Each syllable must contain a vowel sound.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Preservation: Consonant clusters are generally preserved within a syllable unless they are exceptionally difficult to pronounce.
• Rule 3: Sonority Sequencing: Within a consonant cluster, consonants are ordered by sonority (decreasing loudness).
• Rule 4: Prefix/Suffix Separation: Prefixes and suffixes are generally separated into distinct syllables.