Hyphenation ofсверхвысокочастотные
Syllable Division:
сверх-вы-со-ко-ча-стот-ные
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈsʲevr̩‿vɨsɐˈkɔt͡ɕɪstnɨje/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010000
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('ко').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Onset-Rime, stressed syllable.
Onset-Rime, unstressed.
Onset-Rime, unstressed.
Onset-Rime, primary stressed syllable.
Onset-Rime, unstressed.
Onset-Rime, unstressed.
Onset-Rime, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: сверх-
Proto-Slavic origin, intensifier ('super-, ultra-')
Root: часто-
Proto-Slavic origin, relating to frequency ('often')
Suffix: -ые
Russian plural adjective ending
Relating to or characterized by extremely high frequency.
Translation: Ultra-high-frequency
Examples:
"Сверхвысокочастотные радиоволны используются в связи."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar root and suffix structure, consistent stress pattern.
Similar root and suffix structure, consistent stress pattern.
Shares the 'высокий' root, demonstrating consistent syllabification of that component.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are formed based on the sonority hierarchy, with an onset (consonant(s)) and a rime (nucleus (vowel) and optional coda (consonant(s))). Consonant clusters are generally maintained unless they violate sonority principles.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Palatalization of consonants affects vowel quality but doesn't alter syllable division.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a phonetic feature that doesn't impact orthographic syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'сверхвысокочастотные' is syllabified based on the sonority hierarchy, resulting in seven syllables. The primary stress falls on the third syllable ('ко'). The word is morphologically complex, consisting of a prefix, two roots, interfix and suffixes. Syllable division is consistent with standard Russian phonological rules.
Detailed Analysis:
Analysis of "сверхвысокочастотные" (Russian)
1. Pronunciation Considerations:
The word "сверхвысокочастотные" is a complex adjective meaning "ultra-high-frequency." Russian syllable structure is primarily based on the sonority hierarchy, favoring open syllables (ending in a vowel). Consonant clusters are permissible, but often broken up by epenthetic vowels in rapid speech, though this doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (orthographically):
сверх-вы-со-ко-ча-стот-ные
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: сверх- (sverkh-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Intensifier, meaning "super-, ultra-".
- Root: высок- (vysok-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Relating to height, highness.
- Interfix: -о- (-o-) - Origin: Russian. Function: Connects root and suffix, often found in adjectives.
- Root: часто- (chasto-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Relating to frequency, often.
- Suffix: -тн- (-tn-) - Origin: Russian. Function: Adjectival suffix, forming relative adjectives.
- Suffix: -ые (-ye) - Origin: Russian. Function: Plural, nominative/accusative adjective ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: ко (ko). The stress pattern is crucial in Russian as it affects vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈsʲevr̩‿vɨsɐˈkɔt͡ɕɪstnɨje/
6. Syllable Breakdown with Rules & Exceptions:
- сверх- (sverkh-): /sʲevr̩/ - Rule: Onset-Rime. 'с' is the onset, 'е' is the nucleus, 'рх' is the coda. The 'р' is syllabified with the vowel due to sonority sequencing. Exception: The 'х' is a voiceless consonant, but it follows a liquid consonant, so it's included in the coda.
- вы- (vy-): /vɨ/ - Rule: Onset-Rime. 'в' is the onset, 'ы' is the nucleus.
- со- (so-): /sɐ/ - Rule: Onset-Rime. 'с' is the onset, 'о' is the nucleus.
- ко- (ko-): /kɔ/ - Rule: Onset-Rime. 'к' is the onset, 'о' is the nucleus. This syllable is stressed.
- ча- (cha-): /t͡ɕɪ/ - Rule: Onset-Rime. 'ч' is the onset, 'а' is the nucleus. Palatalization of 'ч' affects the preceding vowel.
- стот- (stot-): /stnɨ/ - Rule: Onset-Rime. 'ст' is the onset, 'о' is the nucleus, 'т' is the coda.
- ные (nye): /ˈnɨje/ - Rule: Onset-Rime. 'н' is the onset, 'ы' is the nucleus, 'е' is the coda.
7. Edge Case Review:
The cluster 'ст' in 'стот-' is a common consonant cluster in Russian and doesn't pose a significant syllabification challenge. The palatalization of 'ч' is a standard phonetic process.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., modifying a noun).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: сверхвысокочастотные (sverkhvysokochastotnye)
- Translation: Ultra-high-frequency
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: ультравысокочастотные (ultravysokochastotnye)
- Antonyms: низкочастотные (nizkochastotnye - low-frequency)
- Examples:
- "Сверхвысокочастотные радиоволны используются в связи." (Ultra-high-frequency radio waves are used in communication.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in pronunciation might affect vowel quality (e.g., the degree of reduction in unstressed vowels), but the core syllable division remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- высокочастотный (vysokochastotny) - "вы-со-ко-ча-стот-ный" - Similar structure, stress on 'ко'.
- низкочастотный (nizkochastotny) - "низ-ко-ча-стот-ный" - Similar structure, stress on 'ко'.
- оченьвысокий (ochen'vysokiy) - "о-чень-вы-со-кий" - Stress on 'вы', different prefix, but similar root and suffix structure.
The consistency in syllable division across these words demonstrates the application of the sonority hierarchy and the standard Russian syllabification rules. The stress pattern also remains relatively consistent, falling on the root vowel.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.