Hyphenation ofсверхчувствительными
Syllable Division:
сверх-чув-стви-тель-ны-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈsʲevrʲx t͡ɕʉvstvʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000100
Primary stress falls on the fourth syllable ('тель').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, containing an affricate.
Closed syllable, palatalization of 'т'
Closed syllable, stressed syllable, palatalization of 'т'
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalization of 'м'
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: сверх-
Proto-Slavic origin, intensifier meaning 'super-' or 'over-'
Root: чувств-
Proto-Slavic origin, related to 'чувствовать' (to feel)
Suffix: -и-тель-н-ы-ми
Combination of interfix, agentive suffix, passive adjective suffix, plural marker, and instrumental plural case ending.
Hyper-sensitive, overly sensitive, extremely sensitive.
Translation: Hyper-sensitive
Examples:
"Она была сверхчувствительной к критике."
"У детей сверхчувствительными кожа."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the same root and similar suffix structure.
Similar prefix structure and root, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Contains the same root, illustrating basic syllable division.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Centered Syllable Formation
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Consonant clusters are broken before vowels.
Palatalization Influence
Consonants preceding 'е' and 'и' are often palatalized, influencing syllable boundaries.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Palatalization of consonants significantly impacts syllable division.
Russian avoids stranded consonants at the end of syllables unless part of a cluster.
Summary:
The word 'сверхчувствительными' is syllabified as сверх-чув-стви-тель-ны-ми, with stress on 'тель'. It's morphologically complex, comprising a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes. Syllable division follows vowel-centered rules, influenced by palatalization.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "сверхчувствительными" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "сверхчувствительными" (sverkhchuvstvitel'nymi) is a Russian adjective meaning "hyper-sensitive" or "overly sensitive." It's a relatively complex word morphologically, built from a prefix, root, and several suffixes. Pronunciation involves palatalization and vowel reduction, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
сверх-чув-стви-тель-ны-ми
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: сверх- (sverkh-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Intensifier, meaning "super-" or "over-".
- Root: чувств- (chuvstv-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic *čьstvъ, related to "чувствовать" (chuvstvovat') - "to feel". Function: Expresses the concept of feeling or sensation.
- Suffixes:
- -и- (-i-) - Interfix, connecting the root to the following suffix.
- -тель- (-tel') - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms nouns denoting agents or those who perform an action, but here it's part of an adjectival derivation.
- -н- (-n-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms passive participles and adjectives.
- -ы- (-y-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Indicates plural form.
- -ми (-mi) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Instrumental plural case ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fourth syllable: сверх-чув-стви-тель-ны-ми.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈsʲevrʲx t͡ɕʉvstvʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨmʲɪ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- сверх- (sverkh-): /sʲevrʲx/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Consonant clusters are broken before vowels.
- Exception: The 'в' is palatalized due to the following 'е'.
- чув- (chuv-): /t͡ɕʉv/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken before vowels.
- Exception: 'ч' is a single affricate, treated as a consonant onset.
- стви- (stvi-): /stvʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- Exception: 'т' is palatalized due to the following 'и'.
- тель- (tel'): /tʲelʲ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- Exception: 'т' is palatalized due to the following 'е'.
- ны- (ny-): /ˈnɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- ми (mi): /mʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- Exception: 'м' is palatalized due to the following 'и'.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving consonants stranded at the end of a syllable unless they are part of a consonant cluster. The palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'и' is a crucial factor in syllable formation.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the instrumental plural case. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of case or number.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: сверхчувствительными
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Translation: Hyper-sensitive, overly sensitive, extremely sensitive.
- Synonyms: восприимчивыми (vospriimchivymi - receptive), ранимыми (ranimymi - vulnerable)
- Antonyms: нечувствительными (nechuvstvitel'nymi - insensitive)
- Examples:
- "Она была сверхчувствительной к критике." (Ona byla sverkhchuvstvitel'noy k kritike.) - "She was hypersensitive to criticism."
- "У детей сверхчувствительными кожа." (U detey sverkhchuvstvitel'naya kozha.) - "Children have hypersensitive skin."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't affect the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- чувствительный (chuvstvitel'nyy): чув-стви-тель-ный - Similar syllable structure, demonstrating the consistent application of vowel-centered syllable formation.
- бесчувственный (beschuvstvennyy): бес-чув-ствен-ный - Similar prefix structure and root, showing consistent syllabification patterns.
- чувство (chuvstvo): чув-ство - A shorter word with the same root, illustrating the basic syllable division rule.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.