Hyphenation ofспектрофотометрических

Linguistic Analysis of "спектрофотометрических" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "спектрофотометрических" is a complex adjective meaning "spectrophotometric" (relating to spectrophotometry). It's a highly derived word, typical of scientific terminology in Russian. Pronunciation involves a relatively even distribution of stress and unstressed syllables, with a primary stress on a later syllable.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid breaking consonant clusters where possible, the word divides as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• спектр- (spektr-): Root. From Greek spectrum meaning "appearance, image". Denotes the "spectrum" aspect.
• фотометр- (fotometr-): Root. From Greek phos (light) and metron (measure). Denotes the "photometer" aspect.
• -ическ- (-ichesk-): Suffix. Derived from the suffix -ич- (-ich-) which is used to form adjectives from nouns, and -еск- (-esk-) which is a common adjectival suffix. Indicates a quality or characteristic.
• -их (-ikh): Suffix. Genitive plural ending for adjectives. Indicates grammatical case and number.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: спЕктрофотометри́ческих.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ˈspʲɛktrəfɐtɐˈmʲɛtrʲɪt͡ɕɪx/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a single consonant at the beginning of a syllable. This is observed in the division. The 'т' in 'фотометр' is not separated from the 'ф'.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Adjectives in Russian decline based on gender, number, and case. The ending "-их" indicates a genitive plural form. Syllabification remains consistent across different declensions, though stress might shift slightly in some forms.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Относящийся к спектрофотометрии (Relating to spectrophotometry).
• Translation: Spectrophotometric
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: спектральный (spectral), фотометрический (photometric)
• Antonyms: (Difficult to define a direct antonym, as it's a specific technical term)
• Examples:
  • "спектрофотометрические измерения" (spectrophotometric measurements)
  • "спектрофотометрический анализ" (spectrophotometric analysis)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• электрических (/ɪlʲɪktˈrʲit͡ɕɪx/): Similar syllable structure, with consonant clusters and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Syllabification: э-лек-три-че-ских.
• математических (/mətʲɪˈmatʲɪt͡ɕɪx/): Similar ending and vowel patterns. Syllabification: ма-те-ма-ти-че-ских.
• химических (/xʲɪˈmʲit͡ɕɪx/): Shorter, but shares the -ических ending and similar vowel reduction. Syllabification: хи-ми-че-ских.

The differences in syllable count are due to the varying lengths of the root morphemes. However, the rules governing vowel-consonant sequencing and consonant cluster handling are consistent across these words.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are generally formed around vowel sounds.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Handling: Consonant clusters are generally kept together within a syllable unless breaking them is necessary to avoid a single consonant at the beginning of a syllable.
• Rule 3: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables tend to follow a sonority hierarchy, with more sonorous sounds (vowels, liquids) forming the syllable peak.

11. Special Considerations:

The word's length and complex morphology present a challenge. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation and influences the perceived syllable boundaries.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight variations in vowel quality and stress placement might occur in different regions or among different speakers. These variations are unlikely to significantly alter the syllable division.