Hyphenation ofультракоротковолновая

Linguistic Analysis of "ультракоротковолновая" (ultrakorotkovolnovaya)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "ультракоротковолновая" (ultrakorotkovolnovaya) is a complex adjective meaning "ultrashortwave." It's a relatively modern borrowing and adaptation into Russian, exhibiting characteristics of both native Russian phonology and the influence of the source languages (primarily German and English). Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of unstressed syllables in Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

уль-тра-ко-рот-ко-вол-но-ва́-я

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• ультра- (ultra-): Prefix of Latin origin, meaning "beyond" or "extremely." Functions as an intensifier.
• коротк- (korotk-): Root, derived from the Russian adjective "короткий" (korotkiy) meaning "short."
• -о- (-o-): Linking vowel, common in compound words.
• волн- (voln-): Root, derived from the Russian noun "волна" (volna) meaning "wave."
• -ов- (-ov-): Linking vowel and part of the adjectival suffix.
• -а́- (-á-): Adjectival suffix, feminine singular nominative.
• -я (-ya): Softening ending, indicating feminine gender and nominative case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: вол-но-ва́-я.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ʊlʲtrɐ kɐrɐtˈkɔvɐlnoˈvaja/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally favors open syllables (ending in a vowel). However, consonant clusters are common, especially in borrowed words. The cluster "тр" (tr) and "вн" (vn) are permissible within a syllable. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical case or number, though vowel reduction patterns in unstressed syllables will change based on the case ending.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Относящийся к ультракоротким волнам. (Relating to ultrashort waves.)
• Translation: Ultrashortwave
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (прилагательное)
• Synonyms: укороченный (ukorochennyy - shortened), маловолновый (malovolnovyy - low-wave)
• Antonyms: длинноволновый (dlinnovolnovyy - longwave)
• Examples:
  • "ультракоротковолновая радиосвязь" (ultrakorotkovolnovaya radiosvyaz' - ultrashortwave radio communication)
  • "ультракоротковолновая антенна" (ultrakorotkovolnovaya antenna - ultrashortwave antenna)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• радиоволновая (radiovolnovaya): ра-ди-о-вол-но-ва́-я. Similar syllable structure, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
• длинноволновая (dlinnovolnovaya): длин-но-вол-но-ва́-я. Similar structure, demonstrating the consistent application of syllabification rules to compound adjectives.
• коротковолновая (korotkovolnovaya): ко-рот-ко-вол-но-ва́-я. The base form, showing how the prefix "ультра-" adds a syllable.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed around a sonority peak (vowel). Consonants are grouped around the vowel, respecting the sonority hierarchy.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up according to permissible combinations in Russian phonotactics.
• Rule 3: Vowel-Initial Syllable Preference: Russian prefers syllables to begin with a vowel.
• Rule 4: Stress-Related Vowel Quality: Vowels in stressed syllables are fully pronounced, while vowels in unstressed syllables undergo reduction.

11. Special Considerations:

The word's borrowing status introduces some flexibility in pronunciation and syllabification, but the analysis above reflects the standard academic approach. Regional variations in vowel reduction might exist.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel /o/ in "коротко" to /ə/ in rapid speech. However, the syllable division remains the same.