Hyphenation ofэлектромашиностроительное
Syllable Division:
э-лек-тро-ма-ши-но-стро-и-тель-ное
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪlʲɪktramɐʂɨnəstrɐˈitʲɪlʲnəjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000100
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('и́' in 'стро-и́-тель-ное').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Onset-Rime syllable, initial syllable, vowel reduction possible.
Onset-Rime syllable, consonant cluster onset, vowel reduction.
Onset-Rime syllable, vowel reduction.
Onset-Rime syllable, vowel reduction.
Onset-Rime syllable, vowel reduction.
Onset-Rime syllable, consonant cluster onset, vowel reduction.
Single vowel syllable, vowel reduction.
Onset-Rime syllable, palatalization.
Onset-Rime syllable, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: элек-
From Greek 'elektron', relating to electricity.
Root: машинострои-
Native Russian, machine building.
Suffix: -тельное
Slavic relative adjective suffix.
Relating to electromechanical engineering.
Translation: Electromechanical engineering
Examples:
"электромашиностроительное предприятие"
"электромашиностроительное оборудование"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar CV syllable structure and stress pattern.
Similar CV syllable structure and consonant clusters.
Similar CV syllable structure and agglutinative morphology.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Placement
Syllables are divided around vowels, with each vowel forming the nucleus of a syllable.
Consonant Clusters
Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable, unless they are easily separable based on pronunciation.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation, but this does not affect the orthographic syllable division.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Palatalization of consonants before front vowels.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Permissibility of consonant clusters in Russian.
Summary:
The word 'электромашиностроительное' is a complex adjective with nine syllables, divided based on vowel placement and consonant clusters. It exhibits typical Russian phonological features like vowel reduction and palatalization. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word's structure reflects its agglutinative morphology, combining prefixes, a root, and suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "электромашиностроительное" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "электромашиностроительное" is a complex adjective meaning "electromechanical engineering." It's a relatively long word, typical of Russian's agglutinative morphology. Pronunciation involves a series of vowel reductions in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel placement and consonant clusters, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: элек- (elek-) - From Greek "elektron" (ἤλεκτρον) meaning "amber," referring to electricity. Function: Denotes relating to electricity.
- Root: машинострои- (mashinostro-) - Composed of "машина" (mashina - machine) and "строи-" (stroi- - building, construction). Origin: Native Russian, combining elements related to machines and construction. Function: Indicates the building or construction of machines.
- Suffix: -тельное (-tel'noye) - A relative adjective suffix. Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms a relative adjective, indicating belonging to or relating to the root.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: элек-тро-ма-ши-но-стро-и́-тель-ное.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪlʲɪktramɐʂɨnəstrɐˈitʲɪlʲnəjə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| элек- | /ɪlʲɪk/ | Onset-Rime: 'э' is the onset, 'лек' is the rime. Vowel placement dictates the division. | 'э' can be reduced to /ɪ/ in unstressed positions. |
| тро- | /trɔ/ | Onset-Rime: 'тр' is the onset (consonant cluster allowed), 'о' is the rime. | Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ɔ/ in unstressed position. |
| ма- | /mɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'м' is the onset, 'а' is the rime. | 'а' is reduced to /ɐ/ in unstressed position. |
| ши- | /ʂɨ/ | Onset-Rime: 'ш' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. | 'и' is a reduced vowel in unstressed position. |
| но- | /nə/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. | 'о' is reduced to /ə/ in unstressed position. |
| стро- | /strɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'стр' is the onset (consonant cluster allowed), 'о' is the rime. | 'о' is reduced to /ɐ/ in unstressed position. |
| и- | /ɪ/ | Single vowel syllable. | 'и' is a reduced vowel in unstressed position. |
| тель- | /tʲɪlʲ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'ель' is the rime. Palatalization of 'т' before 'е'. | Palatalization is a key feature of Russian phonology. |
| ное | /nəjə/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' is the onset, 'ое' is the rime. | 'о' is reduced to /ə/ in unstressed position. 'е' is a reduced vowel in unstressed position. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The consonant clusters "тр" and "стр" are permissible in Russian and do not pose a syllabification challenge. The palatalization of consonants before front vowels (like 'е') is a standard feature. Vowel reduction is a significant factor, impacting pronunciation but not the orthographic syllable division.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: электромашиностроительное (elektromashinostroitel'noe)
- Translation: Electromechanical engineering (adjective)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: электромеханическое (elektromekhanicheskoe)
- Antonyms: (Difficult to provide a direct antonym, as it's a specific technical term)
- Examples:
- электромашиностроительное предприятие (elektromashinostroitel'noe predpriyatie) - electromechanical engineering enterprise
- электромашиностроительное оборудование (elektromashinostroitel'noe oborudovanie) - electromechanical engineering equipment
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight regional variations in vowel reduction might occur. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Syllable Structure |
|---|---|---|
| университет (universitet) | у-ни-ве-р-си-те́т | CV-CV-CV-CV-CV-CVC |
| фотография (fotografiya) | фо-то-гра́-фи-я | CV-CV-CVC-CV-CV |
| автомобильный (avtomobil'nyy) | а-вто-мо-би́ль-ный | CV-CVC-CV-CVC-CV |
| электромашиностроительное | э-лек-тро-ма-ши-но-стро-и-тель-ное | CV-CVC-CV-CV-CV-CV-CV-CV-CVC |
The syllable structure in "электромашиностроительное" is consistent with other complex Russian words. All exhibit a predominantly CV (consonant-vowel) structure, with permissible consonant clusters at the beginning or end of syllables. The length and complexity arise from the agglutinative morphology, adding prefixes and suffixes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.