Hyphenation ofдвухсотпятидесятилетнюю
Syllable Division:
двух-сот-пят-де-ся-ти-лет-нюю
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dvuxsotpjɐˈtʲɪdʲɪsʲɪtʲɪˈlʲetnʲʊjʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00010111
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('пятидесятиле́тнюю'). The stress pattern is typical for Russian adjectives.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, containing the root 'сот'.
Open syllable, containing the root 'пять'.
Open syllable, part of the root 'десять'.
Open syllable, part of the root 'десять'.
Open syllable, part of the root 'десять'.
Open syllable, containing the suffix '-лет'.
Closed syllable, containing the feminine accusative ending '-нюю'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: двух-
From Proto-Slavic *dъva, meaning 'two'. Prefixes modify the meaning of the root.
Root: сот-пять-десять-
Roots from Proto-Slavic, representing 'hundred', 'five', and 'ten' respectively. These combine to form the numerical base.
Suffix: -лет-нюю
'-лет-' indicates age/years. '-нюю' is a feminine singular accusative case ending.
Two hundred and fifty-year-old
Translation: Two hundred and fifty-year-old
Examples:
"Она прочитала книгу о двухсотпятидесятилетней истории города."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Principle
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei, with consonants gravitating towards them based on their sonority.
Onset Maximization
Consonant clusters are broken up to maximize the number of consonants in the onset of a syllable, where possible.
Avoidance of Stranded Consonants
Consonants are not left alone as a syllable; they must be attached to a vowel.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction (akanje/okanje) affects pronunciation but not syllabification.
Consonant clusters require careful application of onset maximization and sonority principles.
Summary:
The word 'двухсотпятидесятилетнюю' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'two hundred and fifty-year-old'. It is syllabified based on the sonority principle and onset maximization, resulting in eight syllables. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is morphologically complex, containing prefixes, roots, and suffixes derived from Proto-Slavic.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "двухсотпятидесятилетнюю" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "двухсотпятидесятилетнюю" is a complex adjective meaning "two hundred and fifty-year-old". It's a highly inflected form, indicating gender, number, and case. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoid stranded consonants, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: "двух-" (dvo-) - From Proto-Slavic *dъva, meaning "two".
- Root: "сот-" (sot-) - From Proto-Slavic *sъto, meaning "hundred".
- Root: "пять-" (pyat'-) - From Proto-Slavic *pętь, meaning "five".
- Root: "десять-" (desyat'-) - From Proto-Slavic *desętь, meaning "ten".
- Suffix: "-лет-" (-let-) - Indicates age, years.
- Suffix: "-нюю" (-nuyu) - Feminine singular, accusative case ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: "пятидесятиле́тнюю".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dvuxsotpjɐˈtʲɪdʲɪsʲɪtʲɪˈlʲetnʲʊjʊ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing onsets is applied, but vowel reduction (akanje/okanje) influences perceived syllable boundaries.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the feminine singular, accusative case. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical function, though stress can shift in other inflections.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Two hundred and fifty-year-old (feminine singular, accusative case).
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Translation: Two hundred and fifty-year-old
- Synonyms: (None readily available without specifying the noun it modifies)
- Antonyms: Молодая (molodaya) - young
- Examples: "Она прочитала книгу о двухсотпятидесятилетней истории города." (She read a book about the two-hundred-and-fifty-year history of the city.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- двести (dvesti) - two hundred: две-сти (dve-sti) - Similar structure with "сто" (sto) as a root.
- триста (trista) - three hundred: три-ста (tri-sta) - Similar structure, demonstrating consistent syllabification of "сто".
- пятьдесят (pyat'desyat) - fifty: пять-де-сят (pyat'-de-syat) - Shows how "пять" (pyat') and "десять" (desyat') are syllabified independently.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Akanje (vowel reduction) is prevalent in Moscow Russian, where unstressed "о" is pronounced as "а". Okanje (preserving "о") is found in Northern Russian dialects. This affects the phonetic realization but not the syllabification.
11. Division Rules:
- Sonority Principle: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei, with consonants gravitating towards them based on sonority.
- Onset Maximization: Consonant clusters are broken up to maximize the number of consonants in the onset of a syllable.
- Avoidance of Stranded Consonants: Consonants are not left alone as a syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.