Hyphenation ofдезоксирибонуклеиновая
Syllable Division:
де-зо-кси-ри-бо-ну-кле-и-но-вая
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪˈzɔksʲɪrʲɪbɐˈnʊklʲɪɪˈnəvəjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
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Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('и́' in 'и-но-вая').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: де-
Greek origin (δέ-), meaning 'removal of' or 'deprivation of'.
Root: окси-рибо-нукле-
Combination of Greek (ὀξύς - acid) and Latin (ribos - ribose) and Greek (νυκλεος - nucleus) roots.
Suffix: иновая
Slavic origin, forming an adjective indicating belonging or quality.
Относящийся к дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоте
Translation: Relating to deoxyribonucleic acid
Examples:
"дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота"
"дезоксирибонуклеиновая структура"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Maximizing Open Syllables
Prioritizing CV or CVC structures to create easily pronounceable syllables.
Sonority Hierarchy
Resolving consonant clusters based on the relative sonority of the consonants.
Palatalization
Consonants followed by 'е', 'ё', 'и', 'ю', 'я' are palatalized, influencing syllable boundaries.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa-like sounds.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Numerous consonant clusters require careful application of syllabification rules.
Palatalization significantly impacts syllable structure.
Vowel reduction is a crucial feature of Russian pronunciation.
Summary:
The word 'дезоксирибонуклеиновая' is a complex adjective divided into 11 syllables based on the principles of maximizing open syllables, sonority hierarchy, palatalization, and vowel reduction. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It is a multi-morphemic word with Greek, Latin, and Slavic origins.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дезоксирибонуклеиновая" (dezoksiribonukleinovaya)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дезоксирибонуклеиновая" (dezoksiribonukleinovaya) is a complex, multi-morphemic adjective meaning "deoxyribonucleic". Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create CV syllables), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word is divided as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- де- (de-): Prefix of Greek origin (δέ-), meaning "removal of" or "deprivation of". Functions to negate or remove a quality.
- окси- (oksi-): Root of Greek origin (ὀξύς), relating to "acid" or "sharp".
- рибо- (ribo-): Root of Latin origin (ribos), relating to "ribose".
- нукле- (nukle-): Root of Greek origin (νυκλεος), relating to "nucleus".
- иновая (-inaya): Suffix of Slavic origin, forming an adjective. Indicates belonging or quality.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: де-зо-кси-ри-бо-ну-кле-и́-но-вая.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪˈzɔksʲɪrʲɪbɐˈnʊklʲɪɪˈnəvəjə/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be complex due to consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is applied, but sometimes, consonant clusters are broken based on sonority. The 'j' sound is a palatalization marker and affects syllable structure.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is exclusively an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its use in a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Относящийся к дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоте (relating to deoxyribonucleic acid).
- Translation: Deoxyribonucleic
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: ДНК-ов (DNA-ov - colloquial)
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples: дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота (deoxyribonucleic acid), дезоксирибонуклеиновая структура (deoxyribonucleic structure).
9. Phonological Comparison:
- биология (biologiya): би-о-ло́-ги-я /bʲɪˈlɔɡʲɪjə/ - Similar syllable structure with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
- география (geografiya): ге-о-гра́-фи-я /ɡʲɪˈɡrɐfʲɪjə/ - Similar vowel reduction patterns and consonant-vowel alternation.
- история (istoriya): ис-то́-ри-я /ɪˈstorʲɪjə/ - Demonstrates the typical Russian stress pattern and vowel reduction.
The key difference lies in the length and complexity of the word "дезоксирибонуклеиновая" due to its multiple morphemes and resulting consonant clusters. The other words are shorter and have simpler structures.
Syllable Breakdown Details:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Rule Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| де | /dʲe/ | Open syllable, palatalized consonant | Maximizing open syllables | Palatalization of 'd' |
| зо | /zɔ/ | Open syllable | Maximizing open syllables | |
| кси | /ksʲɪ/ | Closed syllable, palatalized consonant | Consonant cluster resolution, maximizing open syllables | 'ks' cluster |
| ри | /rʲɪ/ | Open syllable, palatalized consonant | Maximizing open syllables | Palatalization of 'r' |
| бо | /bɔ/ | Open syllable | Maximizing open syllables | |
| ну | /nʊ/ | Open syllable | Maximizing open syllables | |
| кле | /klʲe/ | Closed syllable, palatalized consonant | Consonant cluster resolution, maximizing open syllables | 'kl' cluster, palatalization of 'l' |
| и | /ɪ/ | Open syllable, reduced vowel | Vowel reduction in unstressed position | |
| но | /nɔ/ | Open syllable | Maximizing open syllables | |
| ва | /və/ | Open syllable, reduced vowel | Vowel reduction in unstressed position | |
| я | /jə/ | Open syllable, reduced vowel | Vowel reduction in unstressed position |
Exceptions/Special Cases (Word-Level):
- The numerous consonant clusters require careful application of the sonority hierarchy and open syllable principle.
- Palatalization of consonants before vowels significantly impacts syllable structure.
- Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a crucial feature of Russian pronunciation.
Division Rules:
- Maximizing Open Syllables: The primary rule, aiming for CV or CVC structures.
- Sonority Hierarchy: Used to resolve consonant clusters, prioritizing the release of sonorous sounds.
- Palatalization: Consonants followed by 'е', 'ё', 'и', 'ю', 'я' are palatalized, influencing syllable boundaries.
- Vowel Reduction: Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa-like sounds.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.