Hyphenation ofмалораспространённые

Linguistic Analysis of "малораспространённые" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "малораспространённые" (malorasprostranënnyye) is a relative adjective meaning "little-spread," "not widespread," or "rare." It's a complex word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology. The 'ё' is pronounced as /jo/ after consonants.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: ма- (ma-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Denotes a small degree or negation.
• Root: распростра- (rasprostr-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: "spread," "distribute." Derived from the verb "распространять" (rasprostranyat').
• Suffix: -ённ- (-ënn-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms a passive participle, indicating a state resulting from an action.
• Suffix: -ые (-yye) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Adjectival ending, plural, nominative/accusative case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ма-ло-рас-про-стра-нён-ны-е.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/məlɐrɐsˈprostrənʲɪnːɨjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The 'стр' cluster is treated as a single unit within the syllable due to the sonority hierarchy. The 'нн' cluster is also considered a single unit due to its function as a passive participle marker.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function (e.g., modifying a noun).

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Нераспространённые, редкие (nerasprostranënnyye, redkiye) - Not widespread, rare.
• Part of Speech: Adjective (прилагательное)
• Translation: Little-spread, rare, uncommon.
• Synonyms: редкие (redkiye), немногочисленные (nemnogochislennyye)
• Antonyms: распространённые (rasprostranënnyye) - widespread, common
• Examples:
  • "малораспространённые заболевания" (malorasprostranënnyye zabolevaniya) - rare diseases
  • "малораспространённые виды растений" (malorasprostranënnyye vidy rasteniy) - rare plant species

9. Phonological Comparison:

• распространённый (rasprostranënnyy): рас-про-стра-нён-ный (ras-pro-stra-nën-nyy). Similar syllable structure, stress on the fourth syllable.
• малоизвестный (maloizvestnyy): ма-ло-из-вест-ный (ma-lo-iz-vest-nyy). Similar prefix 'мало-' and final adjectival ending. Stress on the third syllable.
• нераспространённый (nerasprostranënnyy): не-рас-про-стра-нён-ный (ne-ras-pro-stra-nën-nyy). Similar root and suffix structure, differing only in the initial prefix. Stress on the fifth syllable.

10. Division Rules:

• Open Syllable Principle: Syllables tend to end in vowels.
• Sonority Hierarchy: Consonant clusters are broken based on the sonority of the consonants.
• Morpheme Boundaries: Syllable division often respects morpheme boundaries.

11. Special Considerations:

Vowel reduction is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to schwa-like sounds (/ə/) or other reduced forms. This doesn't affect the written syllable division, but it's crucial for accurate pronunciation.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exist in vowel reduction patterns. However, the syllable division remains consistent.