Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулёзным

Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулёзным" (protivotuberkulyoznym)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противотуберкулёзным" is a Russian adjective meaning "anti-tuberculosis." It's a complex word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Old Slavic, meaning "against," "counter-." Function: Denotes opposition.
• Root: туберкуль- (tuberkul-) - From Latin tuberculum (small swelling, tubercle), via French tuberculose. Function: Relates to tuberculosis.
• Suffix: -ёзн- (-yozn-) - Derived from French -eux, indicating possessing a quality. Function: Forms an adjective.
• Suffix: -ым (-ym) - Instrumental case, masculine singular adjective ending. Function: Grammatical case marking.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-лёз-ным.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲˈoznɨm/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Exception: Initial consonant clusters are usually kept together.
• ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
• во- /vɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ɐ/ in an unstressed position.
• ту- /tʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• бер- /bʲɪr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'б' due to following 'и'.
• ку- /kʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• лёз- /lʲˈoz/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a consonant if it cannot begin a syllable. Stress falls on this syllable. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'ё'.
• ным /nɨm/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division after a consonant if it cannot end a syllable. Vowel reduction of 'ы' in an unstressed position.

7. Edge Case Review:

The consonant cluster "туберкуль" presents a challenge. While Russian allows consonant clusters, the syllable division must respect phonotactic constraints. The division "ту-бер-" is preferred over "туб-ер-" as it avoids creating an illegal syllable onset.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., if used attributively or predicatively).

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: противотуберкулёзным
• Translation: Anti-tuberculosis
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: антитуберкулезный (antituberkuleznyy)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable.
• Examples:
  • "противотуберкулёзные препараты" (protivotuberkulyoznyye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs
  • "противотуберкулёзная кампания" (protivotuberkulyoznaya kampaniya) - anti-tuberculosis campaign

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect. However, the core syllable structure remains consistent.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• автомобильным (avtomobil'nym): av-to-mo-bil'-nym. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
• инструментальным (instrumental'nym): in-stru-men-tal'-nym. Similar vowel reduction patterns.
• универсальным (universal'nym): u-ni-ver-sal'-nym. Similar ending and stress pattern.

The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant and vowel sequences in each word, but the underlying rules of Russian syllabification remain consistent.