Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулёзным
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-лёз-ным
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲˈoznɨm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000010
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('лёз').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Old Slavic origin, meaning 'against', 'counter-'
Root: туберкуль-
Latin origin (*tuberculum*), via French *tuberculose*, relating to tuberculosis
Suffix: -ёзн-ым
French-derived suffix *-eux* forming an adjective, followed by instrumental case ending
Relating to or used in the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
Translation: Anti-tuberculosis
Examples:
"противотуберкулёзные препараты"
"противотуберкулёзная кампания"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and a case ending.
Similar vowel reduction patterns and case ending.
Similar ending and stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Boundary
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel.
Consonant Cluster
Syllable division respects phonotactic constraints, avoiding illegal syllable onsets.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Consonant cluster 'туберкуль' requires careful syllable division to avoid illegal onsets.
Vowel reduction is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation and syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'противотуберкулёзным' is an eight-syllable Russian adjective meaning 'anti-tuberculosis'. Syllable division follows vowel boundaries and phonotactic rules, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The word is morphologically complex, combining a prefix, root, and suffixes. Vowel reduction is prominent in unstressed syllables.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулёзным" (protivotuberkulyoznym)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противотуберкулёзным" is a Russian adjective meaning "anti-tuberculosis." It's a complex word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Old Slavic, meaning "against," "counter-." Function: Denotes opposition.
- Root: туберкуль- (tuberkul-) - From Latin tuberculum (small swelling, tubercle), via French tuberculose. Function: Relates to tuberculosis.
- Suffix: -ёзн- (-yozn-) - Derived from French -eux, indicating possessing a quality. Function: Forms an adjective.
- Suffix: -ым (-ym) - Instrumental case, masculine singular adjective ending. Function: Grammatical case marking.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-лёз-ным.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲˈoznɨm/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Exception: Initial consonant clusters are usually kept together.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
- во- /vɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ɐ/ in an unstressed position.
- ту- /tʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- бер- /bʲɪr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'б' due to following 'и'.
- ку- /kʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- лёз- /lʲˈoz/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a consonant if it cannot begin a syllable. Stress falls on this syllable. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'ё'.
- ным /nɨm/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division after a consonant if it cannot end a syllable. Vowel reduction of 'ы' in an unstressed position.
7. Edge Case Review:
The consonant cluster "туберкуль" presents a challenge. While Russian allows consonant clusters, the syllable division must respect phonotactic constraints. The division "ту-бер-" is preferred over "туб-ер-" as it avoids creating an illegal syllable onset.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., if used attributively or predicatively).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противотуберкулёзным
- Translation: Anti-tuberculosis
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: антитуберкулезный (antituberkuleznyy)
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples:
- "противотуберкулёзные препараты" (protivotuberkulyoznyye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs
- "противотуберкулёзная кампания" (protivotuberkulyoznaya kampaniya) - anti-tuberculosis campaign
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect. However, the core syllable structure remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- автомобильным (avtomobil'nym): av-to-mo-bil'-nym. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
- инструментальным (instrumental'nym): in-stru-men-tal'-nym. Similar vowel reduction patterns.
- универсальным (universal'nym): u-ni-ver-sal'-nym. Similar ending and stress pattern.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant and vowel sequences in each word, but the underlying rules of Russian syllabification remain consistent.
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