Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулёзных

Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулёзных" (protivotuberkulyoznykh)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противотуберкулёзных" is a Russian adjective meaning "anti-tuberculosis". It's a complex word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite". Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
• Root: туберкуль- (tuberkul-) - From Latin tuberculum (small swelling, tubercle), via French tuberculose. Function: Relates to tuberculosis.
• Suffix: -ёзн- (-yozn-) - A derivational suffix forming adjectives related to diseases. Origin: French/Latin influence.
• Suffix: -ых (-ykh) - A genitive plural adjectival ending. Function: Indicates grammatical case, number, and gender.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-лёз-ных.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊˈlʲɵznɨx/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. No exceptions.
• ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
• во- /vɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ɐ/ in an unstressed position.
• ту- /tʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• бер- /bʲɪr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'б' due to following 'и'.
• ку- /kʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• лёз- /lʲɵz/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'ё'.
• ных /nɨx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before vowels, but 'н' often remains with the following vowel.

7. Edge Case Review:

The cluster "туберкуль" presents a challenge due to the multiple consonants. However, Russian allows for complex consonant clusters, and the syllable division follows the vowel-centric rule.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: противотуберкулёзных
• Translation: anti-tuberculosis
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Definitions:
  • Relating to or used for the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
• Synonyms: антитуберкулезный (antituberkuleznyy)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable.
• Examples:
  • "противотуберкулёзные препараты" (protivotuberkulyoznyye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs
  • "противотуберкулёзная кампания" (protivotuberkulyoznaya kampaniya) - anti-tuberculosis campaign

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect, but the core syllabification remains consistent.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• безопасность (bezopasnost') - "safety" - бе-зо-пас-ность. Similar open syllable structure.
• возможность (vozmozhnost') - "possibility" - воз-мож-ность. Similar consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
• ответственность (otvetstvennost') - "responsibility" - от-вет-ствен-ность. Similar complex structure with multiple syllables.

The differences lie in the specific consonant clusters and vowel qualities, but the underlying principle of syllable division before vowels remains consistent.