Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулёзные
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-лёз-ны-е
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊˈlʲɵznɨjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ны').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, beginning of the root.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, part of the root.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant, diphthong-like vowel.
Closed syllable, suffix.
Open syllable, flexional suffix.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Proto-Slavic origin, denotes opposition.
Root: туберкуль-
Latin origin (tuberculum), relates to tuberculosis.
Suffix: -ёзн-
French origin, forms adjectives related to disease.
Relating to the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
Translation: Anti-tuberculosis, antitubercular
Examples:
"противотуберкулёзные препараты"
"противотуберкулёзные мероприятия"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with multiple suffixes.
Similar length and suffixation.
Again, similar structure and suffixation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-centric Syllabification
Each syllable contains a vowel sound. Syllables are formed around vowels.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Russian allows for consonant clusters within syllables, especially before vowels.
Palatalization Influence
Palatalization of consonants influences syllable boundaries and pronunciation.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The consonant cluster 'туберкуль' is relatively complex but permissible in Russian.
The vowel 'ё' creates a diphthong-like quality, influencing the preceding consonant.
Stress placement follows general Russian stress rules, but is influenced by morphological structure.
Summary:
The word 'противотуберкулёзные' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'anti-tuberculosis'. It is divided into nine syllables based on vowel-centric syllabification rules, with primary stress on the penultimate syllable. The word is morphologically complex, consisting of a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes. Its syllable structure is comparable to other long Russian adjectives with similar suffixation.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулёзные" (protivotuberkulyoznyye)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противотуберкулёзные" is a complex adjective in Russian, meaning "anti-tuberculosis" or "antitubercular." It's characterized by a long sequence of consonants and vowels, posing challenges for syllabification. The pronunciation involves palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'ё'.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel-centric syllables and consider consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite." Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
- Root: туберкуль- (tuberkul-) - From Latin tuberculum (a small swelling, tubercle), via French tuberculose. Function: Relates to tuberculosis.
- Suffix: -ёзн- (-yozn-) - A derivational suffix forming adjectives related to disease. Origin: Derived from French -eux.
- Suffix: -ые (-yye) - A flexional suffix indicating plural, nominative/accusative case, and adjective agreement.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-лёз-ны-е.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊˈlʲɵznɨjə/
6. Edge Case Review:
The cluster of consonants туберкуль presents a potential edge case. However, Russian allows for relatively complex consonant clusters within syllables, especially when followed by a vowel. The vowel ё creates a diphthong-like quality, influencing the preceding consonant.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., modifying a noun).
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
- Translation: Anti-tuberculosis, antitubercular.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (plural, nominative/accusative).
- Synonyms: антитуберкулёзный (antituberkulyoznyy - singular form)
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples:
- "противотуберкулёзные препараты" (protivotuberkulyoznyye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs
- "противотуберкулёзные мероприятия" (protivotuberkulyoznyye meropriyatiya) - anti-tuberculosis measures
9. Phonological Comparison:
- анатомические (anatomicheskiye): a-na-to-mi-che-ski-ye - Similar syllable structure with multiple suffixes. Stress falls on the 'mi' syllable.
- физиологические (fiziologicheskiye): fi-zi-o-lo-gi-che-ski-ye - Similar length and suffixation. Stress falls on the 'gi' syllable.
- психологические (psikhologicheskiye): psi-kho-lo-gi-che-ski-ye - Again, similar structure and suffixation. Stress falls on the 'gi' syllable.
The differences in stress placement are due to the varying weight of the syllables and the application of Russian stress rules, which often favor penultimate syllables but can be influenced by morphological structure.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.