Hyphenation ofперепрограммированную
Syllable Division:
пе-ре-про-грам-ми-ро-ван-ную
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pʲɪrʲɪprɐˈɡramːɪrəvənːʊjʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00010001
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable (ми́).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Open syllable, initial consonant, palatalization.
Open syllable, consonant cluster.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Closed syllable, lengthened consonant, final vowel.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: пере-
Proto-Slavic origin, indicates complete action.
Root: программ-
International origin (Greek via German/English), denotes 'program'.
Suffix: -ированн-
Russian origin, forms passive participles.
Reprogrammed (feminine singular past passive participle)
Translation: Reprogrammed
Examples:
"Перепрограммированную систему необходимо протестировать."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar root and suffix structure.
Similar suffix structure (-ированн-).
Similar prefix and root structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are typically divided between vowels and consonants.
Consonant Cluster Division
Consonant clusters are often broken up based on sonority, but Russian tends to keep clusters together when possible.
Stress Influence
Stress can influence syllable division, particularly in longer words.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Lengthening of the 'н' sound in the suffix -ированн-.
Palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'и'.
Potential regional variations in vowel reduction.
Summary:
The word 'перепрограммированную' is a complex adjective formed with a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes. Syllabification follows standard Russian rules, dividing the word into eight syllables with stress on the fifth syllable. The word's structure and pronunciation are typical of Russian past passive participles.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "перепрограммированную" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "перепрограммированную" is a past passive participle feminine singular adjective derived from the verb "перепрограммировать" (to reprogram). It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: пере- (pere-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Prefix indicating a complete action, "over," "re-".
- Root: программ- (programm-) - Origin: International (Greek "programma" via German/English). Function: Root denoting "program".
- Suffix: -ированн- (-irovann-) - Origin: Russian. Function: Suffix forming passive participles of verbs of the first conjugation.
- Suffix: -ую (-uyu) - Origin: Russian. Function: Feminine singular ending of the past passive participle, agreeing with a feminine noun.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: пе-ре-про-грам-ми́-ро-ван-ную.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pʲɪrʲɪprɐˈɡramːɪrəvənːʊjʊ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- пе (pe): /pʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
- ре (re): /rʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Palatalization of 'р' due to following 'е'.
- про (pro): /prɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant cluster and ends with a vowel.
- грам (gram): /ˈɡram/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a consonant. Stress falls on this syllable.
- ми (mi): /mɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel.
- ро (ro): /rɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel.
- ван (van): /vən/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel.
- ную (nuyu): /nːʊjʊ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. The 'н' is lengthened due to the preceding 'н' in the suffix.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllable division, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the division presented here is the most common and phonologically justifiable. The lengthening of the 'н' sound is a common phenomenon in Russian morphology.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:
The word is an adjective. If it were part of a verb conjugation (which is not possible in this form), stress and potentially syllabification could shift. However, as a past passive participle adjective, the syllabification remains consistent.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: перепрограммированную
- Part of Speech: Adjective (past passive participle)
- Definitions:
- Definition: Reprogrammed (feminine singular past passive participle).
- Translation: Reprogrammed
- Synonyms: перенастроенную (perenastroyennuyu - retuned), измененную (izmenennuyu - changed)
- Antonyms: запрограммированную (zaprogrammirovannuyu - programmed)
- Examples: "Перепрограммированную систему необходимо протестировать." (The reprogrammed system needs to be tested.)
- Grammatical Category: Feminine singular past passive participle.
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reductions or palatalization differences. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- программирование (programmirovaniye): про-грам-ми-ро-ва-ни-е. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters. Stress pattern differs.
- информированный (informirovannyy): ин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ный. Similar suffix structure (-ированн-). Stress pattern differs.
- спрограммированный (sprogrammirovannyy): с-про-грам-ми-ро-ван-ный. Similar prefix and root structure. Stress pattern differs.
The differences in stress patterns are due to the different morphological structures and the influence of prefixes and suffixes. The consistent use of the -ированн- suffix creates a similar syllable structure in all three words.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.