Hyphenation ofультракоротковолновый
Syllable Division:
уль-тра-ко-рот-ко-вол-но-вый
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ʊlʲtrɐkɐrɐtˈkɔvɐlnoˈvɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00100101
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('ко'). This is typical for compound adjectives in Russian, often falling on the root closest to the end of the word.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, contains a consonant cluster.
Open, stressed syllable.
Closed syllable, contains a liquid consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, contains a liquid consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: ультра-
Latin origin, intensifier.
Root: коротко-
Derived from 'короткий' (short).
Suffix: -ов-
Interfix connecting roots.
Relating to ultrashort waves.
Translation: Относящийся к ультракоротким волнам.
Examples:
"ультракоротковолновый радиосигнал"
"ультракоротковолновое вещание"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and consonant clusters.
Similar syllable structure and consonant clusters.
Similar syllable structure and consonant clusters.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Principle
Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with consonants arranged according to their sonority.
Avoidance of Initial Clusters
Russian generally avoids starting syllables with consonant clusters, though this rule is often broken in loanwords and complex compounds.
Morphemic Boundaries
Syllable division often respects morphemic boundaries, separating prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The numerous consonant clusters present a challenge, requiring careful application of the sonority principle.
The word is a relatively modern compound, potentially exhibiting some flexibility in syllable division depending on speaker preference.
Summary:
The word 'ультракоротковолновый' is a complex adjective divided into eight syllables: уль-тра-ко-рот-ко-вол-но-вый. Stress falls on the third syllable ('ко'). The word is formed from a Latin prefix ('ультра-'), two roots ('коротко-' and 'волн-'), an interfix ('-ов-'), and an adjectival suffix ('-ый'). Syllable division follows the sonority principle and respects morphemic boundaries.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "ультракоротковолновый" (ultrakorotkovolnovyy)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "ультракоротковолновый" (ultrakorotkovolnovyy) is a complex adjective meaning "ultrashortwave." It's a relatively modern borrowing and compounding, exhibiting characteristics of both native Russian morphology and international scientific terminology. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoidance of syllable-initial consonant clusters (with exceptions), the word breaks down as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- ультра- (ultra-): Prefix of Latin origin, meaning "beyond" or "extremely." Functions as an intensifier.
- коротко- (korotko-): Root derived from the adjective "короткий" (korotkiy - short). Functions as a descriptive element.
- волн- (voln-): Root derived from the noun "волна" (volna - wave). Functions as a descriptive element.
- -ов- (-ov-): Interfix, connecting the two roots.
- -ый (-yy): Adjectival suffix, indicating a qualitative adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: ултракоротковолновый. This is determined by the general rule that stress in adjectives often falls on the stem, and in compound adjectives, it tends to fall on the root closest to the end of the word.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ʊlʲtrɐkɐrɐtˈkɔvɐlnoˈvɨj/
6. Edge Case Review:
The word presents a challenge due to the numerous consonant clusters. Russian allows for syllable-initial consonant clusters, but they are less common and often result in reduced vowels. The syllable division aims to minimize these clusters where possible, adhering to the sonority principle.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. While it could theoretically be used attributively in a noun phrase, its syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Относящийся к ультракоротким волнам.
- Translation: Relating to ultrashort waves.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: ультракоротковолновой (no direct synonyms, as it's a specific technical term)
- Antonyms: длинноволновой (dlinnovolnovoy - longwave)
- Examples:
- "ультракоротковолновый радиосигнал" (ultrakorotkovolnovyy radiosignal - ultrashortwave radio signal)
- "ультракоротковолновое вещание" (ultrakorotkovolnovoye veshchaniye - ultrashortwave broadcasting)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- телевидение (televideniye): te-le-vi-de-ni-ye. Similar in having multiple syllables and consonant clusters, but stress is on the third syllable.
- фотография (fotografiya): fo-to-gra-fi-ya. Similar syllable structure, but stress is on the fourth syllable.
- информация (informatsiya): in-for-ma-tsi-ya. Similar in length and complexity, but stress is on the fourth syllable.
The differences in stress placement are due to the varying morphological structures and origins of the words. "ультракоротковолновый" has a more complex compounding structure, influencing stress assignment.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some speakers might slightly reduce vowels in unstressed syllables, particularly in rapid speech. However, this doesn't significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Division Rules:
- Sonority Principle: Syllables tend to be formed around a vowel nucleus, with consonants arranged according to their sonority (ability to be pronounced as a vowel-like sound).
- Avoidance of Initial Clusters: Russian generally avoids starting syllables with consonant clusters, though this rule is often broken in loanwords and complex compounds.
- Morphological Boundaries: Syllable division often respects morphemic boundaries, separating prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.