Hyphenation ofконтрразведывательный
Syllable Division:
контр-раз-ве-ды-ва-тель-ный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/kənʲtrɐz‿vʲɪdɨˈvatʲɪlʲnɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000010
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ва-'), indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: контр-
From French 'contre' (against), denotes opposition.
Root: развед-
From 'разведать' (razvedat') - to scout, investigate.
Suffix: -ыва-тель-ный
-ыва- forms verbal adjectives, -тель- denotes an agent, -ный forms a relative adjective.
Relating to counterintelligence; designed to counteract enemy intelligence operations.
Translation: Counterintelligence
Examples:
"контрразведывательная операция"
"контрразведывательное управление"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with alternating consonant-vowel patterns.
Similar in having multiple syllables and a stressed penultimate syllable.
Shares the -тельный suffix and a comparable syllable structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Boundary
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. This is the primary rule applied throughout the word.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Consonant clusters are common in Russian and do not necessarily prevent syllable division before a vowel.
Palatalization of consonants influences pronunciation but doesn't alter syllable structure.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a characteristic feature of Russian pronunciation.
Summary:
The word контрразведывательный is divided into seven syllables based on vowel boundaries. It's a complex adjective formed through compounding and affixation, with primary stress on the penultimate syllable. The syllable structure is predominantly open, following standard Russian phonological rules.
Detailed Analysis:
Russian Word Analysis: контрразведывательный (kontrrazvedyvatel'nyy)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "контрразведывательный" (kontrrazvedyvatel'nyy) is an adjective meaning "counterintelligence." It's a complex word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to consonant clusters and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
контр-раз-ве-ды-ва-тель-ный
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: контр- (kontr-) - From French "contre" (against). Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
- Root: развед- (razved-) - From "разведать" (razvedat') - to scout, to investigate. Function: Core meaning related to intelligence gathering.
- Suffixes:
- -ыва- (-yva-) - A common suffix used to form verbal adjectives.
- -тель- (-tel') - Suffix denoting an agent or someone who performs an action.
- -ный (-nyy) - Adjectival suffix, forming a relative adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: контрразведыва́тельный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/kənʲtrɐz‿vʲɪdɨˈvatʲɪlʲnɨj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- контр- (kontr-): /kənʲtr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a sonorant (vowel or resonant consonant). The 'т' is followed by a vowel.
- раз- (raz-): /rɐz/ - Open syllable. Rule: Similar to above, division before a vowel.
- ве- (ve-): /vʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Division before a vowel.
- ды- (dy-): /dɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Division before a vowel.
- ва- (va-): /vɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Division before a vowel.
- тель- (tel'): /tʲɪlʲ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Division before a vowel.
- ный (nyy): /nɨj/ - Open syllable. Rule: Division before a vowel.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllable division, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the above division is the most common and phonologically justifiable. The palatalization of consonants before vowels influences pronunciation but doesn't alter the syllable structure.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: контрразведывательный (kontrrazvedyvatel'nyy)
- Translation: Counterintelligence
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: разведывательный (razvedyvatel'nyy - intelligence), антишпионский (antishpionskiy - anti-spy)
- Antonyms: разведывательный (razvedyvatel'nyy - intelligence)
- Examples:
- "контрразведывательная операция" (kontrrazvedyvatel'naya operatsiya) - counterintelligence operation
- "контрразведывательное управление" (kontrrazvedyvatel'noye upravleniye) - counterintelligence department
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or consonant palatalization. These variations generally don't affect the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- информационный (informatsionnyy): in-for-ma-tsi-on-nyy - Similar syllable structure with alternating consonant-vowel patterns.
- политический (politicheskiy): po-li-ti-che-skiy - Similar in having multiple syllables and a stressed penultimate syllable.
- образовательный (obrazovatel'nyy): o-bra-zo-va-tel'-nyy - Shares the -тельный (-tel'nyy) suffix and a comparable syllable structure.
The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the varying consonant clusters and vowel sequences in each word. However, the underlying principles of syllable division (division before vowels) remain consistent.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.