Hyphenation ofконтрразведывательному

Linguistic Analysis of "контрразведывательному" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "контрразведывательному" is a complex adjective meaning "counterintelligence" (in the dative singular masculine/neuter form). It's a derived word with multiple prefixes and suffixes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

контр-раз-ве-ды-ва-тель-но-му

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• контр- (kontr-): Prefix of Latin origin, meaning "counter-", "against".
• раз- (raz-): Prefix of Slavic origin, indicating separation, distribution, or completion of an action.
• веды- (vedy-): Root, derived from the verb "ведать" (vedat') - "to know", related to intelligence gathering.
• -ва- (-va-): Interfix, common in Russian verb formation.
• -тель- (-tel'): Suffix, forming an agent noun (one who performs the action).
• -но- (-no-): Suffix, forming an adjective.
• -му (-mu): Suffix, indicating dative singular masculine/neuter gender.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "-ва-": контр-раз-ве-ды-ва-тель-но-му.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/kənʲtrɐz‿vʲɪˈdɨvətʲɪlʲnəmʊ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets, but vowel reduction significantly impacts perceived syllable boundaries. The 'в' after 'р' can sometimes lead to debate, but it's generally considered part of the following syllable due to the palatalization of the preceding consonant.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the dative singular masculine/neuter form. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of the grammatical case.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to counterintelligence; pertaining to the activities of counterintelligence.
• Translation: Counterintelligence (adjective, dative singular)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: контршпионский (kontrshpionskiy - counter-espionage), разведывательный (razvedyvatel'nyy - intelligence-related, but can be used in contrast)
• Antonyms: разведывательный (razvedyvatel'nyy - intelligence-related)
• Examples:
  • "Он работал в контрразведывательном отделе." (On rabotal v kontrrazvedyvatel'nom otdelе.) - "He worked in the counterintelligence department."
  • "Контрразведывательному управлению было поручено расследование." (Kontrrazvedyvatel'nomu upravleniyu bylo porucheno rassledovaniye.) - "The counterintelligence directorate was tasked with the investigation."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• разведчик (razvedchik) - "scout, intelligence officer": раз-вед-чик /rɐzˈvʲet͡ɕɪk/ - Similar prefix 'раз-', root related to 'ведать'. Syllable division follows the same principles.
• контрмера (kontrmera) - "countermeasure": контр-ме-ра /kənʲtrˈmʲerə/ - Similar prefix 'контр-'. Syllable division is simpler due to fewer morphemes.
• информационный (informatsionnyy) - "informational": ин-фор-ма-ци-он-ный /ɪn fɐrˈmatsɨɪnːɨj/ - Demonstrates a different prefix structure but similar suffixation patterns. Syllable division is more straightforward due to the lack of consonant clusters.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Onset Maximization: Russian tends to maximize consonant clusters within syllables. This is evident in "контр" (kontr) and "раз" (raz).
• Rule 2: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are generally formed around vowels. Each vowel (or diphthong) typically forms the nucleus of a syllable.
• Rule 3: Consonant Cluster Resolution: When consonant clusters occur between vowels, they are often divided based on sonority, with more sonorous sounds tending to form the onset of the following syllable.

11. Special Considerations:

Vowel reduction is a significant factor. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to schwa-like sounds (/ə/ or /ɪ/). This doesn't affect the written syllable division but impacts pronunciation. The palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'и' also influences pronunciation.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exist in vowel reduction or the degree of palatalization. However, these variations generally don't alter the syllable division.